The Law of Nations. Emer de Vattel

Utility of Agriculture,

78. Regulations necessary in that respect:—for the distribution of land,

79. for the protection of husbandmen,

80. Husbandry ought to be placed in an honourable light,

81. Cultivation of the soil a natural obligation,

82. Public granaries,

CHAPTER VIII Of Commerce.

83. Domestic and foreign trade,

84. Utility of domestic trade,

85. Utility of foreign trade,

86. Obligation to cultivate domestic trade, <xxv>

87. Obligation to carry on foreign trade,

88. Foundation of the laws of commerce:—right of purchasing,

89. Right of selling,

90. Prohibition of foreign merchandises,

91. Nature of the right of purchasing,

92. Each nation to determine for herself how she will carry on commerce,

93. How a nation acquires a perfect right to a foreign trade,

94. Simple permission to carry on trade,

95. Whether commercial rights be subject to prescription,

96. Imprescriptibility of rights founded on treaty,

97. Monopolies, and trading companies with exclusive privileges,

98. Balance of trade, and attention of government in that respect,

99. Import duties,

CHAPTER IX Of the Care of the public Ways; and of Tolls.

100. Utility of highways, canals, &c.

101. Duty of government in that respect,

102. Its rights in that respect,

103. Foundation of the right to demand toll,

104. Abuse of that right,

CHAPTER X Of Money and Exchange.

105. Establishment of money,

106. Duty of the nation or prince with respect to the coin,

107. Their rights in that respect,

108. How one nation may injure another in the article of coin,

109. Exchange, and commercial laws,

CHAPTER XI Second Object of a good Government,—to procure the true Happiness of a Nation.

110. A nation is bound to labour after her own happiness,

111. Instruction,

112. Education of youth,

113. Arts and sciences,

114. Freedom of philosophical discussion,

115. Love of virtue, and abhorrence of vice, to be excited,

116. The nation may hence discover the intention of her rulers,

117. The nation, or public person, bound to perfect her understanding and will, <xxvi>

118. and to direct the knowledge and virtues of the citizens to the welfare of the society,

119. Love for their country,

120. in individuals,

121. in the nation or state itself, and in the sovereign,