History of the Jews in Russia and Poland (Vol. 1-3). Dubnow Simon

[See p. 93, n. 1.]

75 [See p. 76, n. 1.]

76 [The so-called Jüdisch-Deutsch, which was by the Jews brought from Germany to Poland and Lithuania. It was only in the latter part of the seventeenth century that the dialect of Polish-Lithuanian Jewry began to depart from the Jüdisch-Deutsch as spoken by the German Jews, thus laying the foundation for modern Yiddish. See Dubnow's article "On the Spoken Dialect and the Popular Literature of the Polish and Lithuanian Jews in the Sixteenth and the First Half of the Seventeenth Century," in the periodical Yevreyskaya Starina, i. (1909), pp. 1 et seq.]

77 [I.e. Red Russia, or Galicia.]

78 Yeven Metzula [see p. 157, n. 1], towards the end.

79 [Literally, "our teacher," a title bestowed since the Middle Ages on every ordained rabbi.]

80 [Literally, "companion," "colleague," a title conferred upon men who, without being ordained, have attained a high degree of scholarship.]

81 [Abbreviation for Rabbi Solomon ben Isaac (d. 1105), a famous French rabbi, whose commentaries on the Bible and the Talmud are marked by wonderful lucidity.]

82 [A school of Talmudic authorities, mostly of French origin, who, in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries, wrote Tosafoth (literally, "Additions"), critical and exegetical annotations, distinguished for their ingenuity.]

83 [Hebrew for "Rows," with reference to the four rows of precious stones in the garment of the high priest (Ex. xxviii., 17)—title of a code of laws composed by Rabbi Jacob ben Asher (died at Toledo ab. 1340). It is divided into four parts, dealing respectively with ritual, dietary, domestic, and civil laws. The Turim was the forerunner of the Shulhan Arukh, for which it served as a model.]

84 [Isaac ben Jacob al-Fasi (i.e. from Fez in North Africa) (died 1103), author of a famous Talmudic compendium.]

85 עמודי שש, ed. Lemberg, 1865, pp. 18b, 61b.

86 It has been conjectured that the same scholar occupied, some time between 1503 and 1520, the post of rector in Poland itself, being at the head of the yeshibah in Cracow.

87 [Two of his Responsa were published in Cracow, ab. 1540. See Zedner, Catalogue British Museum, p. 695. A new edition appeared in Husiatyn, in 1904, together with Hiddushe Aaron Halevi.]

88 רמ״א [initials of Rabbi Moses I(א=o)sserles].

89 [See p. 118, n. 1.]

90 Popularly, however, Isserles' supplements are called Haggahoth ("Annotations").

91 רש״ל [initials of Rabbi SHelomo Luria].

92 [See p. 117, n. 4.]

93 [Allusion to I Kings vii. 23–26.]

94 [Allusion to Lev. vi. 2.]

95 [See p. 118, n. 1.]

96 [The titles of the various parts of his work are all composed of the word Lebush ("Raiment") and some additional epithet, borrowed, with reference to the author's name, from the description of Mordecai's garments, in Esther viii. 15.]

97 [The Shulhan Arukh, following the arrangement of the Turim (see above, p. 118, n. 1), is divided into four parts, the fourth of which, dealing with civil law, is called Hoshen Mishpat, "Breastplate of Judgment," with reference to Ex. xxviii. 15.]

98 [Allusion to Ps. xix. 9.]

99 See pp. 111 and 112.

100 מהר״ם [initials of Morenu (see p. 117, n. 1) Ha-rab (the rabbi) Rabbi Meïr.]

101 מהרש״א [initials of Morenu Ha-rab Rabbi SHemuel E(א=o)dels. Comp. the preceding note].

102 [Literally, "Teaching Knowledge" (from Isaiah xxviii. 9), the title of the second part of the Shulhan Arukh. See above, p. 128, n. 1.]

103 ["Rows of Gold," allusion to the Turim (see above, p. 118, n. 1), with a clever play on the similarly sounding words in Cant. i. 11.—Subsequently David Halevi extended his commentary to the other parts of the Shulhan Arukh.]

104 [Allusion to Mal. ii. 7.—Later Sabbatai extended his commentary to the civil section of the Shulhan Arukh, called Hoshen Mishpat (see p. 128, n. 1).]

105 [See p. 75, n. 2.]

106 [Allusion to Gen. xxv. 27.]

107 [Allusion to Ps. i. 3.]

108 ישר מקנדיא [initials of Yosef SHelomo Rofe (physician)].

109 [In his book Ma`yan Gannim ("Fountain of Gardens," allusion to Cant. iv. 15), Introduction.]

110 [Kabbalah ma`asith, a phase of the Cabala which endeavors to influence the course of nature by Cabalistic practices, in other words, by performing miracles.]