Nature's Teachings: Human Invention Anticipated by Nature. J. G. Wood

       Porches, Eaves, and Windows.

       ARCHITECTURE. CHAPTER III.

       The Window.

       Girders, Ties, and Buttresses.

       The Tunnel used as a Passage.

       The Suspension-bridge.

       ARCHITECTURE. CHAPTER IV.

       The Dam.

       Subterranean Dwellings.

       The Pyramid.

       Subaquatic Mortar.—Paint and Varnish.

       TOOLS. CHAPTER I. THE DIGGING-STICK.—SPADE.—SHEARS AND SCISSORS.—CHISEL AND ADZE.—THE PLANE AND SPOKESHAVE.

       The Spade.

       Shears and Scissors.

       The Chisel and the Adze.

       The Plane and Spokeshave.

       TOOLS. CHAPTER II. THE SAW AND ITS VARIETIES.

       The Ribbon Saw, Cordon or Band Saw.

       The Circular Saw.

       TOOLS. CHAPTER III. BORING TOOLS.—STRIKING TOOLS.—GRASPING TOOLS.

       Boring Tools.

       Striking Tools.

       Grasping Tools.

       TOOLS. CHAPTER IV. POLISHING TOOLS.—MEASURING TOOLS.

       Files and Sand-papers.

       Tools of Measurement.

       The Spirit-level.

       Callipers.

       OPTICS. CHAPTER I. THE MISSIONS OF HISTORY.—THE CAMERA OBSCURA.—LONG AND SHORT SIGHT.—STEREOSCOPE AND PSEUDOSCOPE.—MULTIPLYING-GLASSES.

       The Camera Obscura and the Eye.

       Long and Short Sight.

       The Stereoscope and Pseudoscope.

       The Multiplying-glass.

       OPTICS. CHAPTER II. THE WATER TELESCOPE.—IRIS OF THE EYE.—MAGIC LANTERN.—THE SPECTROSCOPE.—THE THAUMATROPE.

       The Water Telescope.

       The Iris of the Eye.

       The Magic Lantern.

       The Spectroscope.

       The Thaumatrope.

       USEFUL ARTS. CHAPTER I. PRIMITIVE MAN AND HIS NEEDS.—EARTHENWARE.—BALL-AND-SOCKET JOINT.—TOGGLE OR KNEE JOINT.

       Earthenware.

       Ball-and-socket Joint.

       The Toggle or Knee Joint.

       USEFUL ARTS. CHAPTER II. CRUSHING INSTRUMENTS.—THE NUT-CRACKERS, ROLLING-MILL, AND GRINDSTONE.—PRESSURE OF ATMOSPHERE.—SEED DIBBLES AND DRILLS.

       Crushing Instruments.

       The Rolling-mill.

       The Grindstone.

       Pressure of Atmosphere.

       Seed-drills.

       USEFUL ARTS. CHAPTER III. CLOTH-DRESSING.—BRUSHES AND COMBS.—BUTTONS, HOOKS AND EYES, AND CLASP.

       Cloth-dressing Machine.

       Brushes.

       Combs.

       Buttons, Hooks and Eyes, and Clasp.