Divine Comedy (Illustrated Edition). Dante Alighieri

since force may be used against three persons,

       In three rounds 'tis divided and constructed.

      To God, to ourselves, and to our neighbour can we

       Use force; I say on them and on their things,

       As thou shalt hear with reason manifest.

      A death by violence, and painful wounds,

       Are to our neighbour given; and in his substance

       Ruin, and arson, and injurious levies;

      Whence homicides, and he who smites unjustly,

       Marauders, and freebooters, the first round

       Tormenteth all in companies diverse.

      Man may lay violent hands upon himself

       And his own goods; and therefore in the second

       Round must perforce without avail repent

      Whoever of your world deprives himself,

       Who games, and dissipates his property,

       And weepeth there, where he should jocund be.

      Violence can be done the Deity,

       In heart denying and blaspheming Him,

       And by disdaining Nature and her bounty.

      And for this reason doth the smallest round

       Seal with its signet Sodom and Cahors,

       And who, disdaining God, speaks from the heart.

      Fraud, wherewithal is every conscience stung,

       A man may practise upon him who trusts,

       And him who doth no confidence imburse.

      This latter mode, it would appear, dissevers

       Only the bond of love which Nature makes;

       Wherefore within the second circle nestle

      Hypocrisy, flattery, and who deals in magic,

       Falsification, theft, and simony,

       Panders, and barrators, and the like filth.

      By the other mode, forgotten is that love

       Which Nature makes, and what is after added,

       From which there is a special faith engendered.

      Hence in the smallest circle, where the point is

       Of the Universe, upon which Dis is seated,

       Whoe'er betrays for ever is consumed."

      And I: "My Master, clear enough proceeds

       Thy reasoning, and full well distinguishes

       This cavern and the people who possess it.

      But tell me, those within the fat lagoon,

       Whom the wind drives, and whom the rain doth beat,

       And who encounter with such bitter tongues,

      Wherefore are they inside of the red city

       Not punished, if God has them in his wrath,

       And if he has not, wherefore in such fashion?"

      And unto me he said: "Why wanders so

       Thine intellect from that which it is wont?

       Or, sooth, thy mind where is it elsewhere looking?

      Hast thou no recollection of those words

       With which thine Ethics thoroughly discusses

       The dispositions three, that Heaven abides not,—

      Incontinence, and Malice, and insane

       Bestiality? and how Incontinence

       Less God offendeth, and less blame attracts?

      If thou regardest this conclusion well,

       And to thy mind recallest who they are

       That up outside are undergoing penance,

      Clearly wilt thou perceive why from these felons

       They separated are, and why less wroth

       Justice divine doth smite them with its hammer."

      "O Sun, that healest all distempered vision,

       Thou dost content me so, when thou resolvest,

       That doubting pleases me no less than knowing!

      Once more a little backward turn thee," said I,

       "There where thou sayest that usury offends

       Goodness divine, and disengage the knot."

      "Philosophy," he said, "to him who heeds it,

       Noteth, not only in one place alone,

       After what manner Nature takes her course

      From Intellect Divine, and from its art;

       And if thy Physics carefully thou notest,

       After not many pages shalt thou find,

      That this your art as far as possible

       Follows, as the disciple doth the master;

       So that your art is, as it were, God's grandchild.

      From these two, if thou bringest to thy mind

       Genesis at the beginning, it behoves

       Mankind to gain their life and to advance;

      And since the usurer takes another way,

       Nature herself and in her follower

       Disdains he, for elsewhere he puts his hope.

      But follow, now, as I would fain go on,

       For quivering are the Fishes on the horizon,

       And the Wain wholly over Caurus lies,

      And far beyond there we descend the crag."

      Canto XII. The Minotaur. The Seventh Circle: The Violent. The River Phlegethon. The Violent against their Neighbours. The Centaurs. Tyrants.

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      The place where to descend the bank we came

       Was alpine, and from what was there, moreover,

       Of such a kind that every eye would shun it.

      Such as that ruin is which in the flank

       Smote, on this side of Trent, the Adige,

       Either by earthquake or by failing stay,

      For from the mountain's top, from which it moved,

       Unto the plain the cliff is shattered so,

       Some path 'twould give to him who was above;

      Even such was the descent of that ravine,

       And on the border of the broken chasm

       The infamy of Crete was stretched along,

      Who was conceived in the fictitious cow;

       And when he us beheld, he bit himself,

       Even as one whom anger racks within.

      My Sage towards him shouted: "Peradventure

       Thou think'st that here may be the Duke of Athens,

       Who in the world above brought death to thee?

      Get