Handbook of the History of Religions in China II. Zhongjian Mu

2) The rapid growth of Islam in Yuan

       3) The development of Judaism in Yuan

       The Rise of the White Lotus Sect and Social Changes in Late Yuan Dynasty

       1) The birth and growth of the White Lotus Sect

       2) The White Lotus rebellions in the late Yuan

       Chapter Eight Religions in Ming Dynasty: The Pluralistic Syncretism and Popularization

       An Overview

       Development and Perfection of Rituals and Ceremonies of the Patriarchal Religion

       1) The grand ceremony of sacrificing to Heaven and Earth

       2) Sacrifices to the Earth and Grain gods, the Sun and Moon, the Divine Farmer, the Goddess of Silkworms and the God of Matchmakers

       3) Altars of various deities and Earthly and Celestial gods

       4) Sacrifices to Emperors, holy Masters, men of virtue and outstanding Ministers of all ages

       5) The Royal Ancestral Temple

       6) Funerals and related dressing codes

       Buddhism in the Syncretism of the Three Great Teachings

       1) Ming’s religious policies and administration of Buddhism

       2) Tsongkhapa’s religious reform of Tibetan Buddhism

       3) Two great branches of the School of Meditation and their representative figures

       4) Other Buddhist schools

       5) The Great Four Buddhists in the late Ming dynasty

       The Secularization of Daoism and the Growing Prosperity of the Daoist School of Fulu (Mysterious Symbols, Drawings and Incantations)

       1) The royal family and Daoism

       2) Two major Daoist schools: The Way of Orthodox Unity and All Truth Daoism

       3) Zhengtong Daozang 正统道藏 and万历续道藏 Wanli xu Daozang

       The Reintroduction of Christianity into China and Clashes with Traditional Chinese Culture

       1) Missionaries entered China in every possible way

       2) Matteo Ricci’s strategy of Confucianizing Catholicism

       3) Nanjing Incident: The first conflict between Christianity and Chinese culture

       4) The revival of Christian churches in the late Ming

       The Growth of Islam in Ming

       1) Islam and the Ming dynasty

       2) The emergence of “Scripture-Hall Education”

       3) The production of Chinese editions of Islamic writing

       The Great Development of Popular Religions in Ming

       1) The prosperity of popular religions and the evolution of White Lotus Teaching

       2) The Luo Sect and its derivatives

       3) The Yellow Heaven Sect and the Red Sun Sect

       4) The Three-in-One Teaching

       5) General characteristics of popular religions in Ming

       Chapter Nine Religions in the Qing Dynasty: Differentiation, Development and Decline

       An Overview

       Sacrifices in the State Religion

       1) Imperial Codes regarding state sacrifices

       2) Changes in state sacrifices in the late Qing dynasty

       3) The veneration of and sacrifice to Confucius

       4) The preservation and evolution of traditional Manchu religious customs

       5) The decline and persistence of traditional patriarchal religion

       The Development and Decline of Buddhism in Qing

       1) The Emperor’s adoration of Buddhism and the Imperial administration of Buddhism

       2) The decline of Buddhist schools

       3) The predominance of lay Buddhists

       4) Secular scholars’ Buddhist studies