Celestial Empire. Nathaniel Isaacson

tion>

      

      CELESTIAL EMPIRE

       CELESTIAL EMPIRE

       The Emergence of Chinese Science Fiction

      NATHANIEL ISAACSON

      WESLEYAN UNIVERSITY PRESS

      Middletown, Connecticut

      Wesleyan University Press

      Middletown CT 06459

       www.wesleyan.edu/wespress

      © 2017 Nathaniel Isaacson

      All rights reserved

      Manufactured in the United States of America

      Designed by Richard Hendel

      Typeset in Miller and Gill types by

      Tseng Information Systems, Inc.

      Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication

      Names: Isaacson, Nathaniel, author.

      Title: Celestial empire: the emergence of Chinese science fiction / Nathaniel Isaacson.

      Description: Middletown, Connecticut: Wesleyan University Press, 2017. |

      Includes bibliographical references and index.

      Identifiers: LCCN 2016028269 (print) | LCCN 2016046258 (ebook) | ISBN 9780819576675 (cloth: alk. paper) | ISBN 9780819576682 (pbk.: alk. paper) | ISBN 9780819576699 (ebook)

      Subjects: LCSH: Science fiction, Chinese—History and criticism.

      Classification: LCC PL2275.S34 I83 2017 (print) | LCC PL2275.S34 (ebook) | DDC 895.13/0876209—dc23

      LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2016028269

      5 4 3 2 1

      Cover illustration: A Chinese depiction of what was most likely an unmanned, steam-powered aircraft made by American inventor Samuel Langley (1834–1906). Dianshizhai huabao (c. January 1897–January 1898).

       CONTENTS

       Acknowledgments vii

       INTRODUCTION

       Colonial Modernity and Chinese Science Fiction 1

       1 GENRE TROUBLE 27

       2 LU XUN, SCIENCE, FICTION 46

       3 WU JIANREN AND LATE QING SF 60

       4 SF FOR THE NATION 93

       5 MAKING ROOM FOR SCIENCE 108

       6 LAO SHE’S CITY OF CATS 125

       7 WHITHER SF / WITHER SF 146

       CONCLUSION 181

       Notes 187

       Glossary of Chinese Terms 211

       Bibliography 217

       Index 243

       ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

      When I first began research for this project as a PhD student at UCLA, I was under the impression that I would be able to cover the entire twentieth century and that the paucity of available materials would mean that the decisions about what to include and what to exclude had already been made for me. As I neared completion of the dissertation, my adviser confessed to me that when I had originally proposed the project, he had thought it was not feasible at all. I am eternally grateful to him for having the patience and wisdom to let me find out the answer to this question on my own. In the intervening years, I think that it is safe to say that both of us have been proven wrong. Chinese science fiction has emerged as a field in its own right, with scholars producing research and translation at a breakneck pace. This research continues to expand the field of Chinese science fiction, examining its relationship to China’s own literary canon and to science fiction as a global phenomenon.

      I would like to thank North Carolina State University and UCLA for supporting this research from its earliest stages up through publication. Travel and research funding from North Carolina State University, which allowed me to conduct research at libraries in Beijing and Shanghai, and a dissertation-year fellowship from UCLA and a Distinguished Teaching Assistant fellowship were especially helpful. I owe special debts to Theodore Huters, David Schaberg, Jack Chen, Shu-mei Shih, Andrea Goldman, and Robert Chi for their mentorship during my PhD studies. I also owe a great debt to Paola Iovene for her careful review of my dissertation, which played a significant role in the revisions that went into this manuscript. I am grateful to Carlos Rojas, Andrea Bachner, Chris Hamm, and Eileen Chow for their mentorship and support, especially in presenting and revising various versions of chapter 5 at Duke University for the Oxford Handbook of Modern Chinese Literature and for the Triangle East Asia Colloquium. Song Mingwei and Wu Yan have also been particularly crucial mentors in guiding me through the field of Chinese science fiction. Jennifer Feeley, Sarah Wells, and all the panelists at the 2011 “Visions of the Future: Global Science Fiction Cinema” conference in Iowa City, Iowa, were instrumental in convincing me that truly interdisciplinary work was worth the toil. I am also grateful for the support and encouragement of my graduate cohort at UCLA: David Hull, Maura Dykstra, CedarBough T. Saeji, Brian Bernards, Jennifer T. Johnson, Matthew Cochran, Aynne Kokas, Winnie Chang, Hanmo Chang, Ma Lujing, and Makiko Mori. In China, I would also like thank Li Guangyi, Ren Dongmei, and Jia Liyuan for their guidance and support.

      I would also like to express my sincerest appreciation to the reviewers of my articles and book manuscript. Thanks are also due to Arthur Evans, Parker Smathers, and the rest of the staff at Wesleyan University Press for their guidance, expertise, and support through the process of writing and revision.

      Finally, I would like to express my gratitude to my wonderful and supportive wife, Kaori Isaacson, and our two children, Kenzo and Karina, for their patience during the past years. My father and mother, Ken and Martha Isaacson, my brother and sister, Tyler and Natasha, continue to be an inspiration as well. This book is dedicated to them.

      CELESTIAL EMPIRE

       INTRODUCTION

      COLONIAL MODERNITY AND CHINESE SCIENCE FICTION

      This