Position, Navigation, and Timing Technologies in the 21st Century. Группа авторов

51 Digital Photogrammetry 51.1 Introduction 51.2 Optical Imagery 51.3 Basic Definitions 51.4 Fundamentals of Photogrammetry 51.5 Photogrammetric Processing Workflow 51.6 Applications 51.7 Conclusion References 52 Navigation Using Pulsars and Other Variable Celestial Sources 52.1 Navigation Concepts and Benefits 52.2 Variable Celestial Sources 52.3 Applications for Spacecraft and Planetary Vehicles 52.4 Current Technology Limitations and Future Developments Acknowledgments References 53 Neuroscience of Navigation 53.1 Introduction 53.2 Spatial Foundations 53.3 Specialized Spatial Cells 53.4 Neural Systems and Navigation 53.5 Future Directions 53.6 Conclusion References 54 Orientation and Navigation in the Animal World 54.1 What Information Do Animals Use to Orientate and Navigate? 54.2 Star Compass 54.3 Radical‐Pair‐Based Magnetoreceptor 54.4 Conclusions and Perspectives References

      9  Part F: Position, Navigation, and Timing for Consumer and Commercial Applications 55 GNSS Applications in Surveying and Mobile Mapping 55.1 Introduction 55.2 Surveying and Mobile Mapping Sector’s Positioning Requirements 55.3 GNSS Applications in Land and Marine Surveying 55.4 GNSS for Mobile Mapping 55.5 Emerging Developments in GNSS Systems and Mapping Industry References 56 Precision Agriculture 56.1 Precision Agriculture 56.2 GNSS Requirements for Agriculture 56.3 Conclusion 57 Wearables 57.1 Introduction 57.2 Origins of Wearables 57.3 The World of Wearables 57.4 Wearable Device Architecture 57.5 Sensors and Measurement 57.6 Power Management/Battery Monitoring 57.7 Screens 57.8 Video and Audio 57.9 Wireless Technology 57.10 Privacy and Security 57.11 The Future 57.12 Summary 58 Navigation in Advanced Driver Assistance Systems and Automated Driving 58.1 Introduction 58.2 Useful GNSS Measurements for Vehicle Automation 58.3 Vehicle Modeling 58.4 Applications References 59 Train Control and Rail Traffic Management Systems 59.1 The Role of GNSS in Modern Train Control Systems 59.2 Track‐Constrained PNT 59.3 GNSS and Odometer Fusion 59.4 Track‐Constrained Relative PVT Estimate 59.5 Multiple‐Track Discrimination 59.6 Track Detector Performance References 60 Commercial Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) 60.1 UAS Context 60.2 Flight Guidance and Autonomy 60.3 Obstacle Avoidance: Environment 60.4 Obstacle Avoidance: Other Aerial Vehicles 60.5 Role of Navigation References 61