Optical Engineering Science. Stephen Rolt

19 Mechanical and Thermo-Mechanical Modelling 19.1 Introduction 19.2 Basic Elastic Theory 19.3 Basic Analysis of Mechanical Distortion 19.4 Basic Analysis of Thermo-Mechanical Distortion 19.5 Finite Element Analysis Further Reading

      24  20 Optical Component Manufacture 20.1 Introduction 20.2 Conventional Figuring of Optical Surfaces 20.3 Specialist Shaping and Polishing Techniques 20.4 Diamond Machining 20.5 Edging and Bonding 20.6 Form Error and Surface Roughness 20.7 Standards and Drawings Further Reading

      25  21 System Integration and Alignment 21.1 Introduction 21.2 Component Mounting 21.3 Optical Bonding 21.4 Alignment 21.5 Cleanroom Assembly Further Reading

      26  22 Optical Test and Verification 22.1 Introduction 22.2 Facilities 22.3 Environmental Testing 22.4 Geometrical Testing 22.5 Image Quality Testing 22.6 Radiometric Tests 22.7 Material and Component Testing Further Reading

      27  Index

      28  End User License Agreement

      List of Tables

      1 Chapter 4Table 4.1 Pupil and field dependence of principal aberrations.

      2 Chapter 5Table 5.1 Form of conic surfaces.Table 5.2 First 28 Zernike polynomials.Table 5.3 Peak to valley: Root mean square (rms) ratios for different wavefront ...Table 5.4 Comparison of Zernike numbering systems.

      3 Chapter 6Table 6.1 Low order Hermite polynomials.

      4 Chapter 7Table 7.1 Radiometric units.Table 7.2 Spectral radiance for typical calibrated FEL lamp.Table 7.3 Photometric quantities.Table 7.4 Typical illuminance levels for difference environments.Table 7.5 Luminous efficiencies of different sources.Table 7.6 Visual magnitudes of several astronomical objects.

      5 Chapter 8Table 8.1 Some common uniaxial crystals.

      6 Chapter 9Table 9.1 Sellmeier coefficients for SCHOTT BK7^®. Table 9.2 Temperature coefficient of refractive index for some common glasses.Table 9.3 Semiconductor materials and bandgaps.Table 9.4 Transmission range for common optical materials.Table 9.5 Material thermal stability – Figures of merit.Table 9.6 Resistance of optical materials to thermal shock.

      7 Chapter 10Table 10.1 List of short pass and long pass filters (SCHOTT glass). Reproduced w...Table 10.2 Wratten series of filters. Reproduced with permission of Kodak and Wr...Table 10.3 Some common thin film materials.

      8 Chapter 12Table 12.1 Common gas laser types.Table 12.2 List of solid state lasers.Table 12.3 Semiconductor lasers.Table 12.4 Chemical lasers.Table 12.5 Tuning range for selected dyes.Table 12.6 ‘Other Lasers’.

      9 Chapter 13Table 13.1 Description of slab modes.

      10 Chapter 14Table 14.1 Some photoconductive materials.

      11 Chapter 15Table 15.1 Optimised Kellner design (dimensions in mm).Table 15.2 Plössl eyepiece prescription.Table 15.3 Detector formats.Table 15.4 Cooke triplet paraxial design variables and constraints.Table 15.5 Modified Gauss prescription.

      12 Chapter 18Table 18.1 Example of optical system requirements.Table 18.2 Subsystem error budget.Table 18.3 Some common surface types.Table 18.4 Lens data editor spreadsheet.Table 18.5 Merit function.Table 18.6 Optimised prescription.Table 18.7 Merit function following optimisation process.Table 18.8 Selective list of tolerancing operands in Optic Studio.Table 18.9 Portion of tolerance editor.Table 18.10 Worst offenders in tolerance sensitivity analysis.Table 18.11 (a) Tolerances for material properties, (b) Tolerances for element m...Table 18.12 Cumulative contribution to form error by Zernike order.Table 18.13 Non-sequential lens data editor (much condensed).

      13 Chapter 19Table 19.1 Relative mirror distortion for different mounting strategies.Table 19.2 Allowable stresses for some optical materials.Table 19.3 Thermal expansion for some useful materials.

      14 Chapter 20Table 20.1 ISO 10110 summary.Table 20.2 Index inhomogeneity classification.

      15 Chapter 21Table 21.1 Summary of adhesive properties and applications.Table 21.2 Cleanroom particulate standards.Table 21.3 Days of cleanroom exposure required to produce cleanliness level L = ...

      List of Illustrations

      1 Chapter 1Figure 1.1 The electromagnetic spectrum.Figure 1.2 Relationship between rays and wavefronts.Figure 1.3 Arbitrary ray path between two points.Figure 1.4 Constraint of rays with respect to optical axis.Figure 1.5 Generalised optical system and conjugate points.Figure 1.6 Location of first focal point.Figure 1.7 Principal points and principal planes.Figure 1.8 System focal lengths.Figure 1.9 Tracing of arbitrary ray.