Packaging Technology and Engineering. Dipak Kumar Sarker

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       Library of Congress Cataloging‐in‐Publication Data

      Names: Sarker, Dipak K., author.

      Title: Packaging technology and engineering : pharmaceutical, medical and food applications / Dipak Kumar Sarker.

      Description: First edition. | Hoboken, NJ : Wiley, 2020. | Includes bibliographical references and index.

      Identifiers: LCCN 2020009981 (print) | LCCN 2020009982 (ebook) | ISBN 9781119213918 (hardback) | ISBN 9781119213895 (adobe pdf) | ISBN 9781119213901 (epub)

      Subjects: MESH: Drug Packaging | Technology, Pharmaceutical | Food Packaging | Food Technology

      Classification: LCC RS159.5 (print) | LCC RS159.5 (ebook) | NLM QV 825 | DDC 615.1/8–dc23

      LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2020009981 LC ebook record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2020009982

      Cover Design: Wiley

      Cover Image: Courtesy of Dipak K. Sarker

Dedicated to my two bombastic, gorgeously inquisitive, and vociferous sons – Hugh and Noah.

About the Author

      Dipak Sarker is a principal lecturer, a qualification related to expert teaching skills. He has a long history of academic instruction and scholarly activity – through teaching, study coordination, and peer‐reviewed publication – that extends over the last 25 years. He gained a PhD in physics in 1995 from the University of East Anglia (UK), having worked at the Max‐Planck Institute in Berlin, Germany; the Biophysics Group at the Institute of Food Research in Norwich, UK; the University of East Anglia in Norwich, UK; the Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Nantes, France; and the École Normale Supérieure, Paris, France. He has also taught and managed staff during his employment in industry and during his current industrial collaborative research. His areas of expertise traverse process engineering and analytical chemistry to materials sciences and the physics of simple and complex materials and industrial dispersions. He also has a wealth of experience based around pharmaceutical technology, medical devices, and the processing of foods. He has worked as a process and development scientist for some of the most significant global manufacturers of foods, medicines, and medical devices (Unilever, Hoffmann‐La Roche, and GSK). He has supervised approximately 17 doctoral students and postdoctoral researchers and more than 40 masters students over the period of 25 years, with countless numbers of undergraduate research projects. He has collaborated with researchers, and supervised, taught, and trained postgraduates across Europe and Asia. He has also presented his works at a large number of international conferences (from Vietnam to the USA). He is the editor of two advanced drug delivery and nanotechnology journals and is on the editorial board of more than other 10 journals covering food science, materials, engineering, physics, nanotechnology, and drug delivery science and device technology. He has authored two complete books and three book chapters. He has always worked across disciplines and, despite working in the School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, has research students and postdoctoral researchers traversing, for example, physics, chemistry, and engineering, including computational modelling of impacting droplets, process optimisation for commercial medicines, soft matter, complex fluid physics, delivery of drugs and anti‐cancer nanoparticles, plasma physics, recycling of cotton and plastic waste materials, and cleaning technology for automobiles. He currently collaborates with academics and industrialists in the UK, India, China, France, the USA, Bulgaria, Kazakhstan, Turkey, and Italy.

Preface

      During the writing of two other books covering processing standards and the colloid science involved in making medicinal products, I wanted to cover more of the technology of the process of manufacture and the materials used to contain and secure these very expensive and potentially hazardous materials – and this idea began in my mind more than 10 years ago. In addition to taking an interest in fashioning a food or pharmaceutical product through chemistry, I am also interested in the starting materials used in the design and fabrication of a product and its container. In a range of industrial activities and research programmes with companies, other than the fundamental medical science and technology where I do much of my research, I cover packaging and non‐pharmaceutical or food materials and their design, potential reuse, and recycling.

This book is targeted at a wide‐ranging audience yet with specific interests relevant to a programme of study of routine handling, use, and testing of packaging forms or packaging materials. Most people are acquainted with packaging at some level but this book does not deal with everyday concepts; rather, it provides an insight into areas of interest where specific scientific and technological knowledge of packaging is needed for what essentially constitutes ‘consumed’ products. The book, however, is pragmatically broader in its remit than this and also details common and rarer packaging types and their properties and relevant technologies of manufacture, method of forming, and design for purpose. The three major fields covered are those of pharmaceutical, food, and medical device packaging (pack, seals, and closures) and the underlying processes used to create them. The book is simultaneously intended as a technical reference and as a study aid. To this end there are some calculations, problems, and dilemmas at the end of the book to help users in what is now a tried, tested, and popular format and a form of subject revision. This book should be useful for undergraduates and postgraduates alike in that it covers three of the top six big industries that make use of or derive products (medicines, food, medical devices, agriculture, petrochemical, electronics) and that are likely to be faced by modern science graduates with a suitable ‘flavouring’ of current research and some experimental data to cut across preliminary and advanced study. Naturally, being of interest to postgraduates means that this book will also be of interest to industry experts, although I would not profess to provide an authoritative guide to individual material or packaging forms in the mere several hundred pages provided here. The unique nature of this book lies in the simultaneous discussion of inter‐related fields and of chemistry, physics, engineering, and therapeutic aspects within the same volume. Foods, pharmaceuticals and medical devices and the packaging that protects them account for more than half of all the packaging needs of the Western world. I use my expertise in nano‐materials, physics, biomaterials, chemistry, chemical engineering, manufacturing, industrial practice, medicine, and food technology to populate this book more appropriately to the reader covered by the remit as indicated primarily in the full title.

      The book's strengths lie in its accessible format and design that covers key topics that feature in so many professional and specific modular courses cover this subject theme. Unfortunately, many books only discuss small aspects of a larger picture; where they do describe the range of products they often miss out on application. My interest, along with most industrialists, is in emphasising the applicability of various aspects of packaging science and technology, yet illustrating that final use is dictated by the quality and chemical nature of the raw materials (ore, oil, minerals, and biomaterials) or starting materials (plastics, tinplate, glass, and paper) and the means of evaluating their suitability (quality indices, performance, and stability testing). I consider that a major asset of this book is its universality in such a synopsis of a broad yet specific content. The book is aimed primarily at all pharmaceutical, medical science and food technology courses at undergraduate and postgraduate