Packaging Technology and Engineering. Dipak Kumar Sarker

Bottles of corrosives 04 LDPE Low‐density polyethylene Polythene bags, containers 05 PP Polypropylene Shampoo, syringes 06 PS Polystyrene Cases, Styrofoam 07 OTHER, O All other plastics (PC, PA, PAN, SAN, bioplastics) Bottles, biodegradables 08 Reserved for new materials 09 ABS Acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene Tough coverings, cases Paper 20 C PAP, PCB Cardboard Secondary packaging 21 PAP Other paper Leaflets 22 PAP Paper Labels 23 PBD Paperboard Boxes Metal 40 FE Steel (low‐carbon iron) Aerosol cans, tin‐plated steel, lids, staples 41 ALU Aluminium Cans, closures, tubes Organic material 50 FOR Wood Crates, pallets, boxes 51 FOR Cork Bottle stoppers 60 COT Cotton Insulation 61 TEX Jute, hemp Sacks, packing 62–69 TEX Other textiles Glass 70 GLS Mixed glass, multi‐part glass Glass bottles, food, medicines 71 GLS Clear glass 72 GLS Green (chrome oxide) glass 73 GLS Dark sort glass 74 GLS Light sort glass 77–79 GLS Metal‐backed glass (Cu, Ag, Au, respectively) Composites 81 C^a) Mixed media: paper/plastic Chilled grocery, drinks cartons 82 C^a) Paper and fibreboard with aluminium Pack liners 90–92 C^a) Plastic and metals Retortable pouches 95–98 C^a) Glass and metals Reinforced glass 99 C^a) Other

a) LDPE, LD polyethylene; PA, polyamide; PAN, polyacrylonitrile; PAP, paper; PC, polycarbonate; PET, polyethylene terephthalate; SAN, styrene–acrylonitrile.

      Numerical and abbreviation codes are also shown in Figure 8.2a(iv).

      1.2.2.1 The Meaning of Symbols on Packaging

A single cyclical arrow (), a circle based on an arrowed ‘ying‐yang’ symbol () found on the product packaging, and the more common centre‐filled codified three‐arrowed universal recycling symbol () represent an assurance that the producer of that packaging recognises the potential for the material to be reused or reworked (see Table 8.2 and Figure 8.1). The colour, exact form, and size of this triangular symbol () as well as the colour of the background may vary according to the packaging. The meaning of the symbols is given in Table 1.2. The symbols were initially used by the Society of the Plastics Industry (SPI) of the USA (founded in 1937) until it ceased activities under this name in 2010, when the