Synthesis Gas. James G. Speight

in a Fluidized-Bed of Olivine Particles. Biomass and Bioenergy, 19(3): 187-197.

      83 Ricketts, B., Hotchkiss, R., Livingston, W., and Hall, M. 2002. Technology Status Review of Waste/ Biomass Co-Gasification with Coal. Proceedings. Inst. Chem. Eng. Fifth European Gasification Conference. Noordwijk, Netherlands. April 8-10.

      84 Sha, X. 2005. Coal Gasification. In: Coal, Oil Shale, Natural Bitumen, Heavy Oil and Peat. Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems (EOLSS), Developed under the Auspices of the UNESCO, EOLSS Publishers, Oxford, UK, [http://www.eolss.net].

      85 Shen, C-H., Chen, W-H., Hsu, H-W., Sheu, J-Y., and Hsieh, T-H. 2012. Co-Gasification Performance of Coal and Petroleum Coke Blends in A Pilot-Scale Pressurized Entrained-Flow Gasifier. Int. J. Energy Res., 36: 499-508.

      86 Shi, J., Thompson, V.S., Yancey, N.A. Stavila, V., Simmons, B.A., and Singh, S. 2013. Impact of Mixed Feedstocks and Feedstock Densification on Ionic Liquid Pretreatment Efficiency. Biofuels, 4(1): 63-72.

      87 Shinnar, R., Fortuna, G. and Shapira, D. 1982. Thermodynamic and Kinetic Constraints of Catalytic Natural Gas Processes. Ind. Eng. Chem. Process Design and Development 21: 728-750.

      88 Silaen, A., and Wang, T. 2008. Effects of Turbulence and Devolatilization Models on Gasification Simulation. Proceedings. 25th International Pittsburgh Coal Conference, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. September 29-October 2.

      89 Sjöström, K., Chen, G., Yu, Q., Brage, C., and Rosén, C. 1999. Promoted Reactivity of Char in Cogasification of Biomass and Coal: Synergies in the Thermochemical Process. Fuel, 78: 1189-1194.

      90 Sondreal, E.A., Benson, S. A., Pavlish, J. H., and Ralston, N.V.C. 2004. An Overview of Air Quality III: Mercury, Trace Elements, and Particulate Matter. Fuel Processing Technology. 85: 425-440.

      91 Sondreal, E.A., Benson, S. A., and Pavlish, J.H. 2006. Status of Research on Air Quality: Mercury, Trace Elements, and Particulate Matter. Fuel Processing Technology. 65/66: 5-22.

      92 Speight, J.G. 1990. In: Fuel Science and Technology Handbook. J.G. Speight (Editor). Marcel Dekker Inc., New York. Chapter 33.

      93 Speight, J.G. 2002. Chemical Process and Design Handbook. McGraw-Hill Inc., New York.

      94 Speight, J.G. 2008. Synthetic Fuels Handbook: Properties, Processes, and Performance. McGraw-Hill, New York.

      95 Speight, J.G. 2009. Enhanced Recovery Methods for Heavy Oil and Tar Sands. Gulf Publishing Company, Houston, Texas.

      96 Speight, J.G. (Editor). 2011a. The Biofuels Handbook. Royal Society of Chemistry, London, United Kingdom.

      97 Speight, J.G. 2011b. The Refinery of the Future. Gulf Professional Publishing, Elsevier, Oxford, United Kingdom.

      98 Speight, J.G. 2013. The Chemistry and Technology of Coal 3rd Edition. CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group, Boca Raton, Florida.

      99 Speight, J.G. 2014a. The Chemistry and Technology of Petroleum 5th Edition. CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group, Boca Raton, Florida.

      100 Speight, J.G. 2014b. Gasification of Unconventional Feedstocks. Gulf Professional Publishing, Elsevier, Oxford, United Kingdom.

      101 Speight, J.G. 2017. Handbook of Petroleum Refining. CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group, Boca Raton, Florida.

      102 Speight, J.G. 2019. Natural Gas: A Basic Handbook 2nd Edition. Gulf Publishing Company, Elsevier, Cambridge, Massachusetts.

      103 Storch, H.H., Golumbic, N., and Anderson, R.B. 1951. The Fischer Tropsch and Related Syntheses. John Wiley & Sons Inc., New York.

      104 Sundaresan, S., and Amundson, N.R. 1978. Studies in Char Gasification – I: A lumped Model. Chemical Engineering Science, 34: 345-354.

      105 Taylor, F.S., and Singer, C. 1957. In: A History of Technology. C. Singer, E.J. Holmyard, A.R. Hall, and T.I. Williams (Editors). Clarendon Press, Oxford, United Kingdom. Volume II. Chapter 10.

      106 Van Heek, K.H., Muhlen, H-J. 1991. In: Fundamental Issues in Control of Carbon Gasification Reactivity. J. Lahaye and P. Ehrburger (editors). Kluwer Academic Publishers Inc., Netherlands. Page 1.

      107 Vélez, J.F., Chejne, F., Valdés, C.F., Emery, E.J., and Londoño, C.A. 2009. Cogasification of Colombian Coal and Biomass in a Fluidized Bed: An Experimental Study. Fuel, 88: 424-430.

      108 Wang, Y., Duan Y., Yang L., Jiang Y., Wu C., Wang Q., and Yang X. 2008. Comparison of Mercury Removal Characteristic between Fabric Filter and Electrostatic Precipitators of Coal-Fired Power Plants. Journal of Fuel Chemistry and Technology, 36(1): 23-29.

      109 Yang, H., Xua, Z., Fan, M., Bland, A.E., and Judkins, R.R. 2007. Adsorbents for Capturing Mercury in Coal-Fired Boiler Flue Gas. Journal of Hazardous Materials. 146:1-11.

      110 Worley, M., and Yale, J. 2012. Biomass Gasification Technology Assessment. Subcontract Report No. NREL/SR-5100-57085. National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado. November.

      111 Zhu, Q., Zhao, X., and Deng, Y. 2004. Advances in the Partial Oxidation of Methane to Synthesis Gas. Journal of Natural Gas Chemistry, 13: 191-203.