Double Trouble: Twins and How to Survive Them. Emma Mahony

possible in pregnancy (you may get away with lust for a few weeks, but the wolf whistles will disappear by that last trimester), so you may as well indulge in gluttony.

      One mother of twins was told by a nurse that she was gaining weight too fast and should stop drinking milk. When she told her husband, he opened the fridge door, took out a two-pint carton and handed it to her. She drank the whole lot on the spot. Don’t listen to any jealous nurses or doctors on the subject. Listen to your body. If you are hungry, it is for a good reason.

      Never weigh yourself during pregnancy

      Another trick in pregnancy is to never ever weigh yourself. If the midwife wanted to weigh me at the checkup, I asked her to put it in kilos, and my mathematical dyslexia ensured that it stayed a mystery. I found the best place to put my scales was in the loft until the babies’ first birthday. And if you plan to breastfeed for longer, chuck the scales out and buy some new ones when you are ready.

      If, however, you are wedded to weight-gain issues, American charts suggest the following:

      

By the 24th week of a twin pregnancy you should have gained double the number of pounds as a singleton mother – between 24 and 30lb.

      

By the 37th week you should be around 50lb heavier than your normal weight.⁵

      Use these figures only if they help you feel more comfortable about your weight gain.

      Why tons of fruit and veg are a good idea

      Recent research⁶ also suggests that eating plenty of fruit and veg before and during pregnancy may protect against pre-eclampsia. This condition, which is a little more common in twin pregnancies and often appears in the final stages of pregnancy, is characterized by high blood pressure and swelling (my midwife always used to tell me ‘if you can’t get your wedding band off, call me’). Pre-eclampsia is a treatable but serious concern for pregnant mothers, and can sometimes necessitate an early delivery. It has to be monitored because, left untreated, it can eventually affect the function of liver and kidneys. Routine urine tests during pregnancy check for a type of protein which indicates pre-eclampsia.

      New research shows that an underlying factor in pre-eclampsia is damage to blood vessels caused by destructive molecules called free radicals. In theory, upping the intake of nutrients that combat free-radical damage – such as vitamin C, found naturally in fruit and veg – may help to reduce the risk of pre-eclampsia. Another reason to gorge yourself at the greengrocers.

      Why fish is also good

      There is no dispute that well-fed women seem to make healthier babies with higher birth weights. What is news is recent research from Danish scientists reported in the British Medical Journal which suggests that women who eat a diet rich in fish are nearly four times less likely to give birth prematurely. Among 8,700 pregnant women surveyed, 7.1 per cent who never ate fish had a premature delivery, yet only 1.9 per cent of fish-eaters did. This is quite a significant finding for twin mothers, whose babies are usually assumed to be premature. So get baking that fish pie.

      What can’t I eat?

      Raw fish, such as sushi, is to be avoided. It increases your risk of exposure to salmonella, parasites and hepatitis A infection that can damage your liver. Similarly, you should avoid uncooked eggs and unpasteurized cheeses. Finally, peanuts (which aren’t actually nuts but beans) are still a controversial food item, because some experts believe that including them in your diet sensitizes the baby to peanut allergy. There is no definitive study to show this, but it’s best to avoid them and err on the side of caution.

      If you do eat or have already eaten any of the above by mistake, as I have during both my pregnancies, do not panic. Remember that you come from a long line of genetically-fit ancestors, and your pregnant forebears probably feasted happily on Stilton crawling with maggots and boiled boar’s head.

      What the experts say

      Suzannah Olivier, author of Eating for a Perfect Pregnancy (Simon & Schuster Pocket Books) has the following advice to offer twin mothers:

       ‘The important thing in any pregnancy, particularly a twin pregnancy, is to eat ‘nutrient dense’ food. Everything provides nutrients, bar sugar, which is empty calories and gives energy without providing nutrients.

       ‘The other thing is to have more calories than normal. You are going to put on extra weight because of that extra placenta and amniotic fluid. For nutrient-dense food, think of half an avocado rather than extra butter on your bread.

       ‘Remember, you need these nutrients for yourself as well as the baby in the post-natal stage. To get through those first six months, you need to build up your reserves. You are going to lose a lot of iron, zinc and essential fats in the last trimester and from the birth and the early months of breastfeeding.

       ‘Food-wise, nuts – tree nuts such as almonds and walnuts – seeds, pulses and oily fish are all good. Zinc is found in any protein-rich food, like red meat.

       ‘In the third trimester, zinc and essential fats are particularly important for growth. If there’s not enough in the diet the baby will take it from the mother’s reserves (a lot of postnatal depression may be linked in part to the mother’s depletion of zinc and essential fatty acids). Good nutrients also help your own energy levels and stabilize your moods after birth. Often eczema in the mother while breastfeeding is triggered by not having enough essential fats. If you take linseed flax oil, it works very quickly to improve your condition.

       ‘Two other key nutrients are calcium-rich foods and antioxidant-rich foods, found in fruit and veg. We tend to take a sledgehammer approach to calcium and just drink milk (yoghurt is also good because it is predigested by bacteria), but there are swathes of people who are lactose intolerant. Many people don’t realize that there is plenty of calcium and magnesium in green, leafy veg such as spinach, cabbage, pumpkin seeds, pine nuts and sunflower seeds. Raisins and dried apricots are also unexpected sources of calcium, magnesium, potassium and iron – all needed for bone health.

       ‘Finally, I would strongly advise every mother pregnant with multiples to take a specially formulated prenatal supplement all through the pregnancy. You can buy them at any chemist, and it’s never too late to start.’

       Here is what four triplet (heroine) mothers ate during pregnancy to produce three healthy babies.

       ‘I ate a lot of toast and Vegemite (my favourite), apples and cheese and lots of red meat (which I found pretty horrible!).’

      Susi Gorbey, mother of Abigail, Lucille and Manon, went to 38 weeks with her triplets (‘Don’t let the doctors bully you into delivering early’)

       ‘I’m a vegetarian, and ate organic food as much as possible during my pregnancy. I ate plenty of fresh foods, but nausea restricted me a lot. I wanted to eat “comfort food”—pies, quiches, potatos, savoury carbohydrates. I avoided caffeine, alcohol, aspartame/phenylalanine as found in fizzy drinks.’

      Tracy Alter, mother of Jake, Luke and Daniel

       ‘I didn’t change much of my diet during pregnancy as we eat a fairly healthy diet in any event. The only