Healing World Trauma with the Therapeutic Spiral Model. Группа авторов

a year-long therapeutic program combining 12-week groups and several weekend workshops. Nien-Hwa’s chapter weaves the use of art therapy and action structures guided by TSM principles to bring mothers and children together during a two-day workshop. Included in the chapter are movingly beautiful pictures of art projects that the group produced to provide the necessary containment and structure. Her descriptions flow like an Asian river, broad and winding, and open the heart to believe in the process of healing after violence. We are thankful to one of her client families for our cover illustration.

      The author of Chapter 12, Chip Chimera, MSC, Dip PP, Dip AMS, CQSW, Dip ASS, is a trained Therapeutic Spiral Model Team Leader in London. As Director of the Institute of Family Therapy, London, she has found many instances where TSM guides her work. In this chapter she clearly shows us the weavings of three modalities—systemic family therapy, attachment theory, and TSM—that help to heal the trauma of a birth family whose children have been placed in foster care by the Court. Chip describes how this integration gave the family tools to understand complex feelings in simple ways and changed imbedded, long-standing, and dysfunctional patterns of interaction—a moving story.

      In Chapter 13, Vivyan Alers, M.Sc. Occupational Therapy, writes a vivid account of her work in Ivory Park, South Africa, describing the nuances of social, cultural, and political traumas of life there. From the first time a Therapeutic Spiral Action Healing Team went to South Africa in 1998, tribal leaders embraced the teachings of TSM to heal their families and communities. They danced and sang, enlivening the Circle of Safety with joy and color. In this chapter, Vivyan describes the power of TSM as it continues today in her evolution of the model and in her development of a university-based course so that it can become financially accessible to more people.

      Part 5 presents three chapters that demonstrate effective expansion of the Therapeutic Spiral Model with men in Canada, England, and the United States. You see the applications to men as survivors of sexual abuse, as well as to men who are sex offenders, and men who batter, showing that TSM can be used in the full spectrum of recovery from violence.

      Chapter 14 is written by a group of practitioners in Ottawa, Canada, who have conducted TSM workshops and groups for over ten years. Roy Salole, MBBS, DMJ (Clin.), CTS (ITAA) and Monica Forst, M.Ed., ICADC have co-created a TSM workshop on attachment and trauma. In addition to private practices, they work at the Men’s Project, the only non-profit organization devoted to the treatment of male sexual abuse survivors in Canada, which has weekly TSM groups for their male clients.

      Chapter 15 written by Clark Baim, Dip PP, a Senior Trainer in Psychodrama in England, presents a unique integration of TSM and cognitive behavioral therapy to help male sex offenders who are in prison. The power of this chapter is the treatment that integrates the prisoners’ own childhood abuse with their subsequent offending behaviors, producing a sense of remorse and responsibility rarely seen among offenders. Secondarily, it also includes impressive research results.

      Chapter 16 has a dual focus with groups for women led by Karen Carnabucci, LCSW, TEP, and men’s groups led by Kevin Fullin, M.D. Kevin’s group with men who batter abundantly uses metaphor in action. Their program, funded by Oprah Winfrey, shows a creative application of TSM with the specific alteration of the Circle of Safety. Originally created by scarves, which men have never identified with, Kevin introduces the use of a Native American staff on which each man ties a totem in order to establish safety. Karen’s psycho-educational women’s group has a changing population but she clearly demonstrates how she creates cohesiveness and focuses on TSM strengths.

      References

      American Psychiatric Association (2000) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, text revision. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association.

      Goldman, E.E. and Morrison, D.E. (1984) Psychodrama: Experience and Process. Debuque, IA: Kendall/Hunt.

      Hudgins, M.K. (2000) “The Therapeutic Spiral Model to Treat PTSD in Action.” In P.F. Kellermann and M.K. Hudgins (eds) Psychodrama with Trauma Survivors: Acting Out Your Pain. London: Jessica Kingsley Publishers.

      Hudgins, M.K. (2002) Experiential Treatment of PTSD: The Therapeutic Spiral Model. New York, NY: Springer Publishing.

      Hudgins, M.K. (2007a) “Building a Container with the Creative Arts: The Therapeutic Spiral Model to Heal Post-Traumatic Stress in the Global Community.” In S. Brooke (ed.) The Use of Creative Therapies with Sexual Abuse Survivors. Springfield, IL: Charles C. Thomas Publications.

      Hudgins, M.K. (2007b) “Clinical Foundations of the Therapeutic Spiral Model: Theoretical Orientations and Principles of Change.” In C. Baim, J. Burmeister, and M. Maciel (eds) Psychodrama: Advances in Theory and Practice. London: Routledge.

      Hudgins, M.K., Culbertson, R., and Hug, E. (2009) Action Against Trauma: A Trainer’s Manual for Community Leaders Following Traumatic Stress. Charlottesville, VA: University of Virginia, Foundation for the Humanities, Institute on Violence and Culture. Available at: www.lulu.com/shop/search.ep?keyWords=action+against+traum+trainers+manual&categoryId, accessed on September 12, 2012.

      Hudgins, M.K., Drucker, K., and Metcalf, K. (2000) “The Containing Double: A clinically effective psychodrama intervention for PTSD.” The British Journal of Psychodrama and Sociodrama 15, 1, 58–77.

      Kellermann, P.F. (1992) Focus on Psychodrama. London: Jessica Kingsley Publishers.

      Moreno, J.L. (1953) Who Shall Survive? New York, NY: Beacon House Press.

      Moreno, J.L. and Moreno, Z.T. (1969) Foundations of Psychotherapy: Psychodrama Volume II. New York, NY: Beacon House Press. Available at: http://books.google.com/books?id=kcpGAAAAYAAJ&q=Psychodrama+Volume+II&dq=Psychodrama+Volume+II&source, accessed on September 12, 2012.

      Moreno, Z.T. (2008) Personal Communication. Available from author.

      Toeman, Z.T. (1948) “The ‘Double Situation’ in psychodrama.” Journal of Group and Interpersonal Psychotherapy 1, 51–62.

      Toscani, M.F. (1995a) Wholeness of the Action Healing Team. Workshop Handout. Madison, WI: The Center for Experiential Learning.

      Toscani, M.F. (1995b) Cross-Cultural Adaptations of the Therapeutic Spiral Model. Workshop Handout. Madison, WI: The Center for Experiential Learning.

      Toscani, M.F. (1998) “Sandrama: Psychodramatic sandplay with a trauma survivor.” Arts in Psychotherapy 25, 1, 21–29.

      Toscani M.F. and Hudgins, M.K. (1993) The Containing Double. Workshop Handout. Madison, WI: The Center for Experiential Learning.

      Toscani, M.F. and Hudgins, M.K. (1995) The Trauma Survivor’s Intrapsychic Role Atom. Workshop Handout. Madison, WI: The Center for Experiential Learning.

      Chapter 1

      A Life in Psychodrama

      Zerka Toeman Moreno,

      Co-founder of Psychodrama

      Introduction

      There are no longer any other persons alive who were active in 1941 in the world of J.L. Moreno except for me. All those now working in his spirit came later.

      We met in August of that year. I had just brought over to America my older sister with her family from Nazi-invaded, war-torn France, where life for Jews was a life-or-death condition. She arrived seriously emotionally ill. I was a newcomer myself, having arrived here from England about two years earlier.