Elements of Grading. Douglas Reeves

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      DOUGLAS REEVES

      ELEMENTS of GRADING

      SECOND EDITION

      A Guide to Effective Practice

      Copyright © 2016 by Solution Tree Press

      Materials appearing here are copyrighted. With one exception, all rights are reserved. Readers may reproduce only those pages marked “Reproducible.” Otherwise, no part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means (electronic, photocopying, recording, or otherwise) without prior written permission of the publisher.

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      Visit go.solution-tree.com/assessment to download the reproducibles in this book.

      Printed in the United States of America

      19 18 17 16 15 1 2 3 4 5

      Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

      Reeves, Douglas B., 1953- author.

      Elements of grading : a guide to effective practice / Douglas Reeves. -- Second edition.

      pages cm

      Includes bibliographical references and index.

      ISBN 978-1-936763-89-4 (perfect bound) 1. Grading and marking (Students)--Handbooks, manuals, etc. I. Title.

      LB3051.R3554 2016

      371.27’2--dc23

      2015029666

       Solution Tree

      Jeffrey C. Jones, CEO

      Edmund M. Ackerman, President

       Solution Tree Press

      President: Douglas M. Rife

      Senior Acquisitions Editor: Amy Rubenstein

      Editorial Director: Lesley Bolton

      Managing Production Editor: Caroline Weiss

      Senior Production Editor: Christine Hood

      Copy Editors: Sarah Payne-Mills & Miranda Addonizio

      Text and Cover Designer: Abigail Bowen

      Mary, to whom this book is dedicated,

      cares much more about family, friends, and

      animals than she ever will about grades.

      May it always be so.

      ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

      I am particularly indebted to leading scholars in this field, including Thomas Guskey, Lee Ann Jung, Bob Marzano, Ken O’Connor, Rick DuFour, and Rick Wormeli.

      In addition, the prolific contributors to standards-based learning, teaching, and grading at #SBLChat consistently challenge my thinking on this subject.

      Those at Solution Tree, including publisher Douglas Rife, CEO Jeff Jones, president Ed Ackerman, and senior production editor Christine Hood, make every project far better than my original manuscript. If I am the foundation of this town meeting house, then they are surely the walls, roof, and steeple.

      —Douglas Reeves

      Visit go.solution-tree.com/assessment to download the reproducibles in this book.

      TABLE OF CONTENTS

       About the Author

       Preface

       Finding Common Ground

       Skeptics and Cynics

       A New Conversation About Grading

       Introduction

       Starting the Conversation

       Understanding Why Grading Is So Important

       Identifying What Influences Grades

       Reconciling Experience and Evidence

       Conversations About Change

       What’s New in the Second Edition

       Chapter 1

       Effective Grading in a Standards-Based World

       What Standards-Based Education Really Means

       What Makes Standards-Based Grading Different

       What the Critics Say

       How to Separate Policy From Politics

       How Standards Impact Grading

       Chapter 2

       What the Common Core Means for Grading

       What the Common Core Says—and Doesn’t Say

       How the Common Core Influences Teaching

       How the Common Core Influences Assessment

       How the Common Core Influences Grading

       Chapter