Periplus Pocket Indonesian Dictionary. Katherine Davidsen

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      Introduction

      A brief introduction to Indonesian

      Indonesian is the national language of the world’s fourth-largest nation, spoken by at least 70% of the nation’s 250 million people. It is a mother tongue to over 27%, connecting speakers of 750 regional languages. As a variety of Malay, it is also understood in Singapore and Malaysia, making it a major language of Southeast Asia. An Austrone-sian language, modern Indonesian developed from Riau Malay into the official language of post-war independent Indonesia. It has borrowed widely from other languages and absorbed myriad influences, making it dynamic and always in flux.

      Indonesian is considered relatively easy to learn, having very regular grammar. Adjectives follow the noun, as in French, and there is a wide range of verbs. Word order generally follows a subject-verb-object pattern. Words may be left out if the context is clear. Pronunciation is similar to Spanish or Italian, although accents vary.

Vowels:	a	as in father
	e	mostly as in loosen (swallowed “shwa” sound); sometimes as in egg. In older texts this is written as é
	i	as in marine
	o	as in open
	u	as in blue
Diphthongs:	ai	as in aisle
	au	as in sauerkraut
Consonants:	as in English, except for:
	c	like ch in child
	g	always hard, as in gum, never soft as in gem
	kh	throaty sound as in loch
	ng	as in thing
	ngg	as in finger (ng+g)
	r	rolled, as in Spanish
	sy	sh as in show

      This pocket Indonesian dictionary aims to represent the modern, standard usage of Indonesian, through common entries, new terminology and authentic terms, as well as identify parts of speech. A helpful, unusual feature is that this volume does not presume knowledge of word structure, which is vital when using most quality Indonesian dictionaries. For example, the word mengalahkan is listed under mengalahkan as well as its base, kalah in this dictionary. In most dictionaries, only the latter would appear.

      Selection of entries

      By definition, a pocket dictionary is a selection of useful words and phrases, rather than a complete compendium. This dictionary attempts to reflect general, everyday usage throughout Indonesia and the English-speaking world, including words that are important to students, language learners and tourists. American spelling is used. Entries cover survival language for tourists, common everyday words, national culture and language heard on the street.

      Guide to using this dictionary

      The dictionary is divided into two sections, Indonesian–English and English–Indonesian.

menghadap	entry (in bold type)
halang: halangan	first word is not found (or commonly used) alone. Sub-entries follow after semi-colon, in bold black type
V	word type (ie part of speech). Not always given if more than one word type exists. eg. cas charge (could be N, V)
child N children	irregular plurals follow the noun symbol N
put V put put	irregular past tense forms (simple past and past perfect) follow the verb symbol V
[nait]	irregularly-spelt words are given in Indonesian phonetic pronunciation
malam	meaning (in plain type)
session, meeting; hearing	Similar meanings are divided by commas; other meanings are divided by a semi-colon
~ tiri stepmother; bahasa ~ mother tongue	Entries or sub-entries are indicated by ~ (in italics). On the left, ~ represents ibu.
ouch! ow! (expressions of pain) to (be able to) speak or use a language	Round brackets contain additional information; or perhaps an extra meaning.
baik ... maupun ... both ... and ...	... represents any word, in a set phrase
bersih, membersihkan, pembersih handwriting N [handraiting] tulisan tangan ← hand	Where possible, all entries and sub-entries are grouped alphabetically. A left-pointing arrow indicates the base word.
abis → habis became → become	A right-pointing arrow shows an entry for further information or reference; or the base of an irregular past tense verb form.

      List of Abbreviations

ABBREV	abbreviation
ADJ	adjective
ADV	adverb
ARCH	archaic
CATH	Catholic
CHILD	child(ren)
CHR	Christian
COLL	colloquial
CONJ	conjunction
DEROG	derogatory
EJAC	ejaculation
F	feminine
GR	greeting
HIND	Hindu
ISL	Islamic
M	masculine
N	noun
PL	plural
POL	polite
PREF	prefix
PREP	preposition
PRON	pronoun
S	singular
SL	slang
SUF	suffix
V	verb
V, AUX	auxiliary verb
V, PF	past perfect form of verb

      Indonesian–English

A

      abad N century; age, era; ~ keemasan golden age

      abadi eternal, everlasting; cinta ~ endless love

      abang N, PRON elder brother; ~ None Mr and Miss Jakarta → bang

      abis COLL → habis

      abjad N alphabet

      abon N shredded dry meat, eaten as a side-dish

      ABRI ABBREV Angkatan Bersen­jata Republik Indonesia Indonesian Armed Forces

      abu N ash; ~ rokok cigarette ash

      abu-abu ADJ gray

      AC ABBREV air-conditioner, air-conditioning

      acar N finely-cut pickles, eaten with fried rice, satay etc

      acara agenda, program, event; pengacara N lawyer, solicitor

      acung: acungan N ~ jempol thumbs-up

      AD ABBREV Angkatan Darat Army

      ada V to be (present); to have, exist; ~ Firman? Is Firman here?; ~ apa? What’s up? What’s wrong?; tidak ~ there isn’t, there aren’t; not here; adalah V is, are (followed by a noun); adanya N the existence of; apa ~ as it is, without any pretensions; berada V to be somewhere; ADJ well-to-do, well-off; keadaan N situation, condition; ~ darurat emergency situation; mengadakan V to create, organize, make available; seadanya ADJ what’s there; makan ~ eat what’s there

      adalah V is, are (followed by a noun) → ada