Korean in a Hurry. Samuel E. Martin

t’al mask talda is sweet ttal daughter ch’upta is cold to province chǒkta is small t’op a saw Yǒngguk England tto again, yet silgwa fruit ki spirit, disposition sip-kǔ nineteen k’i height, size namja man, male kki a meal hwanja patient kae dog maekchu beer k’al knife chong-i paper kkae sesame tong-an interval cho millet iri this way ch’o candle kǔrǒk’e in that way, so tchok side, direction resǔt’orang restaurant sal flesh radio radio ssal uncooked rice p’iryo necessity sǔnta stands up p’arwǒl August ssǔnta writes il work, job tambae cigarettes mul water kongbu study mullon of course Ilbon Japan ppalli fast

      Lesson 3

      SOUND CHANGES

      When you link words together without pausing between, certain sound changes take place. If the first word ends in a consonant and the second begins with a vowel the final consonant of the first word is pronounced as the initial consonant of the second word:

sǒm‿i	island (as subject)	=sǒ-mi
sǒm‿e	to the island	=sǒ-me
If the final consonant is p, t, ch, or k it changes in sound to b, d, j, or g:
ch’aek‿i	book (as subject)	ch’ae-gi
Han-guk‿e	to Korea	Han-gu-ge
pap‿i	cooked rice (as subject)	pa-bi
nach‿e	in the daytime	na-je
If the final consonant is l, it changes in sound to r:
il‿i	work (as subject)	=i-ri
mul‿ǔl	water (as object)	=mu-rǔl
Now if the first word ends in a voiced sound (a vowel or m, n, ng, or l) and the second word begins with p, t, ch, or k this changes to b, d, j, or g:
Ilbon‿to	Japan too	Il-bon-do
ch’aek‿ie‿yo	it’s a book	A’ae-gi-e-yo
i‿kǒ‿pose‿yo	just look at this	i-gǒ-bo-se-yo
kǔ‿taǔm	next to that	kǔ-da-ǔm
kǔ‿chǒn‿e	before that	kǔ-jǒ-ne
If the second word begins with m or n and the first word ends in p, t, or k these change to m, n, and ng respectively:
chip‿mada	every house	chim-ma-da
mot‿mǒgǒ	can’t eat	mon-mo-go
ch’aek‿mada	every book	ch’aeng-ma-da
The combinations tp, ts, and tk usually sound like pp, ss, and kk:
mot‿pwa‿yo	can’t see	mo-ssa-yo
mot‿sa‿yo	can’t buy	mo-ssa-yo
mot‿ka‿yo	can’t go	mo-kka-yo

      At the end of a word before a pause or another consonant, the only consonants which occur are p, t, k, m, n, ng, and l. But there are a few words which have basic forms (the forms you hear when linked with a following word beginning with a vowel) in other consonant combinations. These are changed as follows (see also Lesson 17):

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BEFORE VOWEL	BEFORE PAUSE OR CONSONANT
P’	P
ap’‿e in front	ap front; ap‿to front too
PS	F
kaps‿i price (subj.)	kap price; kap‿to price too
S	T