Now You Know Royalty. Doug Lennox

international that it has bridged geography, race, and religion. Here is an example: Henry III, King of England, married Eleanor of Provence. One of Eleanor’s sisters was married to St. Louis IX, King of France, and yet another, Beatrix, to King Charles I of Naples. Charles and Beatrix’s son, Charles II, King of Naples, married Mary, daughter of Stephen V, King of Hungary. King Charles II’s wife’s sister, Anna, married Andronicus II Paleologus, Emperor of Byzantium. Andronicus’ half sister, Maria, married Abaqa, Il-khan of Persia, whose uncle was Kublai Khan, Emperor of China. A few simple royal and imperial relationships and connections covering about 40 years connected Henry III of England with the Emperor of China, neither of whom was even aware of the other’s existence.

       Which kings and queens were the only ones anointed with pure chrism?

      The monarchs of England and France. Chrism is a combination of olive oil and balsam blessed on Maundy Thursday. Other monarchs were anointed with simple olive oil.

       Who has a right to a bow or curtsy?

      All monarchs, Imperial and Royal Highnesses, members of sovereign or former sovereign families with the titles of Serene Highness and up. Governors general and spouses as personal representatives of a monarch are also entitled to a bow or curtsy but not lieutenant-governors who represent the sovereign at a remove.

       For what maxim is the sagacious Louis XVIII best known?

      Arriving on the hour for a council meeting, the king’s ministers found Louis XVIII already sitting at the head of the table awaiting them. To their apologies for having kept him waiting and compliments on his being ahead of time, His Majesty replied: “Punctuality is the politeness of kings.”

       How does monarchy favour multicultural societies?

      In a monarchy, unity is defined through personal allegiance to the sovereign of the country or empire rather than adherence to an ideology, membership in a racial or ethnic group, or commitment to an historical revolution or event. As the Canadian historian W.L. Morton wrote, “Any one, French, Irish, Ukrainian, or Inuit, can be a subject of the Queen and a citizen of Canada without in any way changing or ceasing to be himself.” In his accession speech to the Cortés, King Juan Carlos I of Spain said: “The King wishes to be at once the King of all and the King of each one in his own culture, history and tradition.”

       What are the rights of a king or queen in a constitutional monarchy?

      Most monarchies, especially those in the British tradition, do not have specifically defined rights. The great constitutional writer Walter Bagehot suggested, however, that the rights could be best described as the right to be consulted, the right to encourage, and the right to warn.

       Monarchs Who United Peoples

Menes	Upper Egypt and Lower Egypt
Edgar “the Peaceable”	English, Danes, Welsh, and Scots
Kenneth I MacAlpine	Picts and Scots
Canute	Danes, Norwegians, Swedes, and Saxons
Eric IV	Swedes and Goths
Margaret	Danes, Norwegians, and Swedes
Ferdinand and Isabella	Castillians and Aragonese
Ferdinand I	Germans, Czechs, and Hungarians
Henri IV	French and Navarese
James I	English, Scots, and Irish
Leopold I	Flemish and Walloons
Wladislow II Jagiello	Poles and Lithuanians
Peter II	Serbs, Croats, Slovenians, Montenegrans

       What is the Civil List?

      The Civil List is income derived from the revenue of the Crown Estates (land owned by the sovereign in right of the United Kingdom) and set aside to cover the public expenses of the Crown. The Civil List began in 1689 and originally covered the cost of the armed forces and the expenses of civil government paid by the hereditary revenue of the Crown and by some taxes. In 1760, King George III turned over the entire hereditary revenue to Parliament, which then assumed the full cost of government and paid an allowance to the monarch for specifically royal expenses. At the beginning of each reign this arrangement is renewed.

       What is the Act of Settlement?

      The Act of Settlement, passed in 1701, governs the succession to the throne in Commonwealth countries and requires, among other things, that the monarch be in communion with the Church of England, and not be, nor be married to, a Catholic. It was passed in the reign of King William III, who had no children, to ensure that after his sister-in-law Anne, who was next in line to the throne, the crown would not pass to the Catholic descendants of his father-in-law, King James II, whom he had overthrown in 1689. Through the principle of “received law,” the act is part of the constitutional law of Canada and can only be altered by an amendment unanimously approved by the Senate, House of Commons, and provincial legislative assemblies.

       What does the Royal Marriages Act require?

      The Royal Marriages Act, passed in 1772, requires members of the British royal family to obtain the consent of the sovereign to their marriage prior to the age of 25. They may then marry without consent if Parliament does not object within 12 months. The act was passed at the request of King George III to allow him to control the marital choices of his sons after some unsuitable alliances had been made by members of the royal family.

       Where does sovereignty lie in Canada?

      Canadian sovereignty is vested in the reigning monarch (currently Queen Elizabeth II). The Constitution Act, 1867, states clearly: “The executive government and authority of and over Canada is hereby declared to continue and be vested in the Queen.”

       Has monarchy affected Canada?

      It’s no exaggeration to say that without monarchy there would have been no Canada. As well as the role monarchs generally played in its exploration and settlement, specific actions of monarchs were crucial to its creation. Had Louis XIV not made Quebec a royal province, French Canada would not have survived. If the Loyalists had not loved their king and constitution, Canada today would be the northern extension of the United States. When the American Revolution ended, George III told those negotiating the peace that he would never agree to abandon Canada, the West Indies, and Newfoundland. Sure enough, the victorious Americans arrived at the peace talks demanding all of North America. They did not get it. In 1867, only the deep loyalty felt to Queen Victoria allowed the provinces of Canada to overcome their rivalries, narrow sectionalism, and unite.

       How did the Fathers of Confederation view The Crown?

      The Fathers of Confederation were unanimous in supporting the monarchical form of government for the new country. Sir George Étienne Cartier called the monarchy the “essential element” of the constitution.

       People on Kingship

      “The King’s name is a tower of strength.” — Richard III, V.iii, Shakespeare

      ‘Tis