Design and the Digital Divide. Alan F. Newell

2.3 Speech transcription for deaf people

       2.4 Developing a first prototype with no external funding

       2.5 Non-technological challenges to implementation

       2.6 Technology transfer

       2.7 The need for luck, faith, time, and effort

       2.8 Commercial availability

       3 TV Subtitling for Hearing-Impaired People

       3.1 Moving into the field

       3.2 The content and cost of television subtitles

       3.3 Live subtitling

       3.4 A subtitle preparation system

       4 Word Prediction for Non-Speaking People and Systems for those with Dyslexia

       4.1 Support for non-speaking people

       4.2 Developing AAC devices

       4.3 Word Prediction and associated techniques

       4.4 Prediction supporting dyslexics

       4.5 Evaluation of the effectiveness of prediction

       4.6 Other techniques to support dyslexics

       4.7 Disambiguation

       4.8 Beyond word prediction

       5 Providing Reusable Conversation for Non-Speaking People

       5.1 An application of conversational analysis

       5.2 Perceived communication competence

       5.3 Technology to assist deceit

       5.4 “Chattering, nattering and cheek”

       5.5 Differences in conversational styles

       5.6 The use of speech act theory

       5.7 CHAT—Conversation Helped by Automatic Talk

       5.8 Pragmatics versus semantics

       5.9 The future

       6 Story Telling and Emotion in Synthetic Speech

       6.1 What do we do after we have said “Hello”

       6.2 TOPIC—Text OutPut in Conversation

       6.3 Prose—and other storytelling systems

       6.4 Floorgrabber: an aid for non-speaking lecturers

       6.5 Other conversational aids

       6.6 Jokes

       6.7 Symbolic and picture-based communication systems

       6.8 Communication aids for Intensive Care

       6.9 Emotion in synthetic speech

       6.10 The current situation

       6.11 The future

       7 Lessons Learned from Designing AAC Devices

       7.1 An effective and appropriate team

       7.2 The role of users in the design team

       7.3 Research in a clinical environment

       7.4 Composition of a research team

       7.5 An appropriate research methodology

       7.6 Evaluation techniques

       7.7 The cost of assistive technology

       7.8 Professionalism in research

       7.9 Ethical considerations

       7.10 Assistive technology research—a summary

       8 IT Systems for Older People

       8.1 Introduction

       8.2 Cybrarian: an e-mail system designed for older people

       8.3 SeniorMail: also designed for older people

       8.4 Sustaining the use of CIT

       8.5 Assistive Technology for older users

       8.6 IT supporting dementia

       8.6.1 CIRCA: a multi-media scrap book

       8.6.2 Creating music

       8.6.3 Aids for daily living

       8.7 Social networking for older adults

       8.8 The Digital Divide

       8.9 Conclusions

       9 Designing IT Systems for Older People

       9.1 Older people and demographics

       9.2 Older people’s use of information technology

       9.3 Mainstream information technology and older users

       9.4 The characteristics of older people relevant to their use of IT

       9.5 Reducing Functionality

       9.6 Technical Generation Effect

       9.7 Designing for dynamic diversity

       9.8 Challenges for today’s young and middle-aged people

       10 Ordinary and Extra-Ordinary Human Computer Interaction

       10.1 Rehabilitation engineering and HCI

       10.2 Mainstream exploitation of assistive technology research

       10.3 Ordinary and extra-ordinary people and environments

       10.3.1 “Able-bodied” and “disabled”—a false dichotomy

       10.3.2 Individual differences

       10.3.3 A concentration on real needs

       10.3.4 Learning from extreme situations