Butterflies and Demons. Eva Chapman

this book and was a great critical reader, as was my daughter Sophi Bruce, sister-in-law, Wendy Bruce and ex-husband, Peter Bruce. Thanks to Sonya Rankine and Nungga Wangga Radio in Adelaide for supporting me.

      My greatest acknowledgement is to Murlawirrapurka, a great and wonderful Kaurna elder in the early days of Adelaide. I am trusting that this book will give credit to his magnificence.

       Cast of Characters

      Captain Collet Barker: Military Officer and explorer charged with finding the mouth of the River Murray as a possible harbour for the potential colony of Adelaide.

      Captain Walter Bromley: First Protector of Aborigines in Adelaide.

      John Brown: Emigration agent for South Australian Colonisation Commission.

      James Cronk: Labourer from Tottenham who befriended Adelaide Aborigines.

      Robert Cock: A Scotsman, early settler and explorer who was the only South Australian to offer the Aborigines recompense for loss of their way of life.

      James Hurtle Fisher: Resident Commissioner.

      Governor George Gawler: Second Governor of South Australia following John Hindmarsh, 1838.

      Osmond Gilles: First colonial treasurer.

      Robert Gouger.: Edward Wakefied’s secretary.

      Governor George Grey: Third Governor of South Australia following George Gawler.

      John Barton Hack: A wealthy Quaker who kept an eye on the welfare of the Adelaide Aborigines.

      Captain John Hindmarsh. The first Governor of South Australia.

      Sir John Jeffcott: The first Judge of the Adelaide colony.

      Judge Henry Jickling: The second judge of the Adelaide colony following Sir John Jeffcott.

      Colonel William Light: Surveyor General of the City of Adelaide.

      John McLaren: Manager of the South Australian Company.

      George Milner Stephen: Acting governor when George Gawler was called away.

      Charles Moon: A sailor from the Buffalo.

      George Stevenson: Private secretary to Governor John Hindmarsh and editor of the SA Register.

      Robert Thomas: First Government printer.

      Edward Gibbon Wakefield: Advocate of Systematic Colonisation.

      Edward Wright MD: One of first doctors in the new colony.

       Other Characters in the 20th Century Adelaide Story

      Dr Hugh Birch: Medical superintendent at Parkside Mental Hospital 1954-1961.

      Dr Bill Cramond: Medical superintendent at Parkside Mental Hospital following Dr Hugh Birch, 1961.

      Charles Duguid: Started the South Australian Aborigines Advancement League in the 1930s and was a leading light well into the 1980s.

      Sir Robert Menzies: Prime Minister of Australia from 1949 -1966.

      Sir Thomas Playford: Premier of South Australia from 1938 -1965 and founder of the City of Elizabeth.

       Other Characters in the Kaurna Story

      William Cawthorne: Teacher and artist who sketched the scene in 1844 capturing this defining moment in Kaurna history, Murlawirrapurka’s last stand. Shields & spears of the natives on the battlefield is hanging in the Lounge Gallery of the Kaurna Building in the University of South Australia

      Lillian Holt: Head of Taoundi College in Port Adelaide in the 1990s.

      Samuel Klose: Lutheran missionary from Dresden who took over from Teichelmann and Schurmann.

      Vincent Lingiari: A Gurindji from the Northern Territory who stood up to the Vestey brothers in Northern territory in the late 60s.

      Uncle Lewis Yerlopurka O’Brien: Chief elder of the Kaurna people and direct descendant of Kudnarto. He wrote And the Clock Struck Thirteen, Wakefield Press, 2007.

      Lowitja O’Donohue: He fought to become a nurse in the hallowed white halls of the Royal Adelaide Hospital.

      Charlie Kumantjayi Perkins: An Arrente man from near Alice Springs and a trailblazer for Aboriginal rights.

      Mongarawata: A Milmenrura man who was hung for the massacre of the survivors of the shipwreck in the Coorong, South Australia, in 1842.

      Christian Teichelmann and Clamour Schurmann: the Lutheran missionaries who came to Adelaide in 1838 to teach the Aboriginal children at Piltawardli. Teichelmann was dubbed Kertamerru, like Kertamerru, Murlawirrapurka, first born son.

      Yerricha and Wang Nucha: Yerricha should have been more correctly written as Yerraitya, which meant second born, and Wang Nucha as Wangutya, the seventh born male.

       Kaurna Glossary

      Banbabanbalya: where neighbouring clans gathered in Adelaide for discussions.

      ‘Birkibirki’: literally means ‘lots of little bits’ peas.

      Jultiwirra: the stringy bark trees at the top of the gully which marked Permangk.

      Kartanya: means first born girl, and Kudnarto third born girl.

      Kadlitpina: an important Wirra man.

      Karraundongga: the red gum spear place.

      Kakirra: the moon

      Karta: Kangaroo Island.

      Kua Mullawirra: Kua Kertamerru Mullawirra now pronounced Murlawirra. Murlawirrapurka’s name when he finished his scarification rites.

      Kalta: sleepy lizard.

      Kamilya: my daughter’s daughter.

      Kammammi: maternal grandmother.

      Karndo Wirra: forest men, a northern Kaurna group.

      Karra Wirraparri: red gum forest river

      Kirilla: ‘the shine of the full moon’.

      Kudlilla: cold season.

      Kungurla: yabbies.

      Kuri: a dance of Kadlitpinna’s people, the Kaurna Wirra.

      Mari Yertabulti: the Eastern Cascades

      Midlaitya: fifth born son.

      Midlato: fifth born girl.

      Milmenrura: one of the Ngarrindjeri clans.

      Moorundie: the river people, hated enemy of the Kaurna.

      Mudlunnga: a nose shaped protuberance where Kaurna hunters trapped emus, entered an inlet near Port Adelaide.

      Murlawirrapurka: esteemed wise purka of the Tandanya group. Mullawirraburka was the original pronunciation and is on his commemoration brick at the migrant museum.

      Narungga: peoples in the north and west of Adelaide. ‘Ngaityerli’: means ‘papa’.

      Ngai wangandi marni’ Welcome, you are at home.

      Ngaltingga: Aldinga, Murlawirrapurka’s home country.

      Ngadjuri Ngarrindjeri clan in the south

      Ngakallomurro: ‘parakeet ashes’, known to whites as the Magellanic Clouds

      Ngano: