The Zombie Book. Nick Redfern

their brief but highly effective disinformation campaign on this issue.

      “In March, 1992, then-Russian intelligence chief, and later Russian Prime Minister Yevgeni Primakov, admitted that the disinformation service of the Soviet KGB had concocted the false story that the AIDS virus had been created in a U.S. military laboratory as a biological weapon. The Russian newspaper Izvestia reported on March 19, 1992:

      “‘[Primakov] mentioned the well known articles printed a few years ago in our central newspapers about AIDS supposedly originating from secret Pentagon laboratories. According to Yevgeni Primakov, the articles exposing U.S. scientists’ ‘crafty’ plots were fabricated in KGB offices. The Soviets eventually abandoned the AIDS disinformation campaign under pressure from the U.S. government in August 1987.”

      These particular revelations from the Department of State lead us to an interesting possibility. Currently, there are huge numbers of conspiracy-based stories on the Internet, all telling of a looming, real-life zombie outbreak that will result from top secret medical- and virology-based programs initiated by U.S. authorities. Most people might be inclined to dismiss such scenarios as the work of tinfoil-hat-wearing lunatics. But, maybe that’s not the case after all. Perhaps they are the work of hostile forces working to provoke anxiety across a land that is now obsessed with, and by, zombies. After all, if the Soviet Union’s KGB could have done it so successfully with the AIDS virus in the 1980s, perhaps shadowy forces in the Age of Terror are doing likewise with the zombie virus.

       Aldini, Giovanni

      While most people are content to let the dead remain dead—even if they would dearly like to see their loved ones just one last time—that is certainly not always the case. Take, for example, Giovanni Aldini. Although many have seen fit to dismiss him as an outright crank, or as a definitive mad professor-type, this is not the case at all. Born in 1762, Aldini, at the age of thirty-six, achieved the position of a professor of physics at the University of Bologna, in northern Italy. Although much of his work was focused upon issues of a very much down to earth nature—such as coming up with new and novel lights and lamps to illuminate lighthouses—there was a darker, and highly controversial, side to Aldini, too.

      It’s important to note that Aldini was the nephew of one Luigi Galvani, also of the University of Bologna. Galvani—from whose name the term “galvanism” is directly derived—was someone who spent a great deal of time experimenting on dead frogs. Galvani came to realize that while it was not possible to breathe new life into the dead creatures, directing an electric current through the spinal cord of the frogs caused the creatures to twitch and move as if they were alive—or had been successfully brought back from the other side. Not only was Aldini deeply influenced by the work of his Uncle Luigi, he took matters yet another step further. It was, in fact, just about the most controversial step of them all that anyone could take.

       This cartoon from 1836 shows Giovanni Aldini “raising the dead” by running an electric current through the nervous system of a corpse. It was Giovanni’s Uncle Luigi Galvani who discovered what became known as galvinization when he noticed that stimulating the nerves of a dead frog with a scalpel caused its muscles to twitch.

      To say that Aldini literally reanimated the dead would be incorrect. It would be right on target, however, to say that he animated them. And he did so in a fashion that followed directly in the path of Luigi Galvani. But Aldini’s grisly experiments were not undertaken on frogs: his test-subjects were nothing less than the human dead. Such was the scale of the public and media fascination with Aldini’s work in the fields of galvanism—that some even perceived as being outright devilish in nature—he traveled the length and breadth of Europe demonstrating how, in an uncanny and disturbing fashion, the dead could be made to appear not quite so dead, after all. As was the case with his Uncle Luigi, Aldini’s work was all based around the careful application and use of electric currents.

      Certainly, the most memorable and fear-inducing of all Aldini’s experiments occurred in 1803, at the London, England-based Royal College of Surgeons. Aldini’s test-subject was a man named George Forster, who had been hanged by the neck on January 18, 1803, after being found guilty of murdering—by drowning—both his wife and his youngest child. Aldini wasted no time in securing Forster’s fresh corpse for his strange experimentation. The result was uncanny and amazing: only mere hours after his death, Forster was on the move again, so to speak.

      As a captivated and spellbound audience looked on in near-hypnotic fashion, Aldini attached two conducting rods to a large battery. The other ends of the rods were affixed, respectively, to Forster’s right ear and mouth. When the surge of electricity hit Forster’s body with full force, something incredible and obscene occurred: Forster’s left-eye opened wide, appearing to stare wildly and malevolently at the shocked crowds, and his jaw began to move and quiver, as if he was about to utter something awful and guttural. If that was not enough to provoke terror in all those in attendance, when the electrified rods were attached to Forster’s right arm, his hand rose and his fist clenched. There were audible gasps in the audience and more than a couple even fainted on the spot.

      Aldini was not a carnival showman, however. That’s to say he did not deceive his audiences into thinking that he had literally raised the dead. Certainly, he was careful to point out that the power of electricity only appeared to make the dead come back to life. Nevertheless, in later years, and hardly surprisingly, Aldini became known as a definitive, real-life Dr. Frankenstein, even though he was actually nothing of the sort. Aldini died in 1834, at the age of seventy-two. His reputation as an animator of the dead remains intact two centuries after his death (from which, in case you may be wondering, he did not return).

       Alien Abductions

       See also: Body Snatchers, Cattle Mutilations

      Make mention of the emotive words “alien abduction” and most people will have at least some degree of understanding of the concept, even if they aren’t students of the UFO phenomenon. Since the early 1960s, countless individuals—all across the world—have made astonishing claims to the effect that they have been kidnapped and experimented upon in bizarre fashion, by emotionless, dwarfish entities sporting large bald heads and huge, black, insect-like eyes. Those same alleged alien entities have become known as the Grays. Their helpless and terrified victims are the abductees.

      A wealth of theories exists to try and explain what may be afoot when darkness sets in and the Grays surface from their hidden lairs. While the skeptics and the debunkers prefer to relegate everything to the realm of nightmarish dreams, sleep disorders, hoaxes, and fantasy, not everyone is quite so sure that is all that is going on. Many UFO researchers believe that the Grays are on a significant and serious evolutionary decline, and that to try and save their waning species, they secretly harvest DNA, blood, cells, eggs, sperm, and much more from the human race. They then use all of this acquired material in sophisticated gene-splicing-style programs to boost their waning bodies and repair their weakened immune systems. There is, however, a much darker theory than that.

      Numerous so-called alien abductees—usually when rendered into hypnotic states and regressed to the time of the presumed other-world experience—describe the Grays implanting into their bodies or under the surface of their skin, small, metallic devices. We are talking here about what have become infamously known as “alien implants.” If such an astonishing and controversial claim has even a nugget of truth attached to it, then what might be the purpose of these sinister actions? Some flying saucer sleuths have suggested that the implanted devices allow the aliens to secretly track the