Real Vampires, Night Stalkers and Creatures from the Darkside. Brad Steiger

of Muhammad, the utterances of Zoroaster, the sayings of Confucius, the teachings of the Buddha—all contain central themes very similar to the preaching of Jesus, admonishing their followers to resist the demands of the flesh and to offer God works of the spirit rather than sacrifices of blood.

      Regardless of the prohibitions against human sacrifice by major religious groups, there seems to be an atavistic compulsion in various cults and sects to seek to appease the various facets of divinity by offering the blood of their willing members or, in many cases, the blood and flesh of their very unwilling victims.

       The Leopard Men

      For many centuries a leopard cult has existed in West Africa, particularly in Nigeria and Sierra Leone, wherein its members, believing that they have shape-shifted into leopards, kill by slashing and mauling their human prey with steel claws and knives. Later, they drink the blood and eat the flesh of human victims as if they were truly in the form of leopards.

      Initiates who aspire to become members of the cult must return with a container of their victim’s blood and drink it in the presence of the assembled members. The cultists believe that a magical elixir known as borfima, which they brew from boiling their victim’s intestines, grants them superhuman powers and enables them to transform themselves into leopards.

      Misfortunes such as illness or crop failure would be sufficient to demand a human sacrifice. A likely victim would be chosen, the date and time of the killing agreed upon, and the executioner, known as the Bati Yeli, would be selected.

      The Bati Yeli wears the ritual leopard mask and a leopard skin robe. It is customary that the sacrifice be performed at one of the Leopard cult’s jungle shrines, but if circumstances demand a more immediate shedding of blood, the rite may be conducted with the ceremonial two-pronged steel claw anywhere at all.

      It should be noted that in ancient Egypt the leopard was esteemed as an aspect of divinity and associated with the god Osiris, the judge of the dead. For many African tribal members, the leopard is a powerful totem animal that is believed to guide the spirits of the dead to rest. The vast majority of those individuals who revere the leopard as their totem are not killers. Those who believe that they can shape-shift into leopards by drinking human blood and eating human flesh have fallen victim to spiritual parasites that require human sacrifice.

      In Nigeria and Sierra Leone some believe in the shape-shifting leopard people.

      The first serious outbreak of leopard-cult murders in Sierra Leone and Nigeria occurred shortly after World War I. Many of its members were captured and executed, and the white administrators believed that they had crushed the cult. However, the leopard men simply went underground, continuing to perform ritual murders sporadically every year over the next two decades.

      In the 1940s, the leopard men became bold, and there were 48 cases of murder and attempted murder committed by the leopard cult in 1946 alone. It soon became obvious from the nature of the slayings that the leopard men had begun directing many of their attacks against whites, as if to convince the native population that the cult had no fear of the police or of the white administrators. The sacrifices continued during the first seven months of 1947, when there were 43 known ritual killings performed by the leopard cult.

      Early in 1947, when District Officer Terry Wilson discovered that leopard men had begun killing young women in his jurisdiction, he raided the house of a local chief named Nagogo. In the chief’s dwelling, Wilson found a leopard mask, a leopard-skin robe, and a steel claw. Acting on a tip from an informer, Wilson ordered his police officers to dig near the chief’s house, where they found the remains of 13 victims. The chief was put in prison to await trial, and Wilson set out on a determined mission to squelch the leopard men’s reign of terror.

      There were several more murders during the weeks that followed, including the wife and daughter of Nagogo, the imprisoned chieftain. When Nagogo saw the bloodied corpses of his wife and daughter and realized how viciously his fellow leopard men had betrayed him, he collapsed and died of heart failure.

      Wilson requested and received 200 additional police officers as reinforcements, but the leopard men became increasingly bold in their nocturnal attacks. One night they even sacrificed a female victim inside the police compound.

      After that grisly defiant gesture, the cult committed several murders in broad daylight. The native inhabitants of the region lost all confidence in the police and their ability to stop the killings by the powerful leopard men. Even some of Wilson’s men had come to believe that the cultists truly possessed the ability to shape-shift into leopards and to fade unseen into the shadows.

      One night in mid-August 1947, Wilson had one of his best men walk on the path to a village where several slayings had taken place. Hoping to set a trap, Wilson and a dozen men hid in the jungle.

      Suddenly, with the blood-curdling shriek of an attacking leopard, a tall man in leopard robes charged headlong at the officer, swinging a large club. The young constable struggled with the man, but before Wilson and the other officers could arrive on the scene, the cultist had smashed in the officer’s skull and fled into the bushes.

      District Officer Wilson had lost one of his best men, but as he was about to have some officers take the constable’s body to the compound he had a sudden hunch that the attacker might return to the scene of the crime. When the other officers left to search the neighboring villages, Wilson hid himself behind some bushes overlooking the trail.

      Around midnight, a nightmarish figure crawling on all fours emerged from the jungle, leaped on the young constable’s corpse, and began clawing at his face like a leopard. Wilson caught the glint of a two-pronged steel claw in the moonlight. The leopard man had returned to complete the cult ritual of sacrifice.

      When Wilson advanced, the robed cultist snarled at him as if he were truly a leopard. When he came at him with the two-pronged claw, Wilson shot him in the chest.

       When Wilson advanced, the robed cultist snarled at him as if he were truly a leopard.

      Wilson’s act of courage provided the natives of the region with proof that the leopard men were not supernatural beings that could not be stopped. They were, after all, men of flesh and blood—savage, bestial, and vicious—but men, nonetheless. Witnesses began to come forward in great numbers with clues to the identity of cult members and the possible location of a secret jungle shrine.

      The shrine itself was found deep in the jungle, hidden and protected by a large boulder. The cult’s altar was a flat stone slab that was covered with dark bloodstains. Human bones were strewn over the ground. A grotesque effigy of a half-leopard, half-man towered above the gory altar.

      In February 1948, 73 initiated members of the cult were arrested and sent to prison. Eventually, 39 of them were sentenced to death and hanged in Abak Prison. Their executions were witnessed by a number of local tribal chiefs who could testify to their villages that the leopard men were not immortal.

      Although the defiant strength of the leopard men was broken in 1948, inhabitants of the region are well aware that the cult still exists as a secret society with a shrine hidden in the jungle. Individuals who go missing and whose bodies are never found are feared to have been offered as sacrifices to the dark gods of the leopard men.

       Isawiyya

      Founded in the early sixteenth century by the fakir and mystic Sheikh Abu Abd Allah Sidi Muhammed ben Isa as-Sofiani al Mukhteari (Ibn Isa), the fanatical Muslim sect known as the Isawiyya have adherents spread out across North Africa, the Middle East, and the Sudan. Because Ibn Isa was believed to have the ability to communicate with all creatures, the religious gatherings of the sect require that each individual member wear a mask that represents one of seven animals—camels,