Abnormal Psychology. William J. Ray

test bank built on Bloom’s taxonomy and featuring multiple-choice, true/false, essay, and short answer questions for each chapter. The instructor’s manual features lecture notes, discussion questions, chapter exercises, class assignments, and more.

      For Students

      Each chapter’s learning objectives are paired with study tools designed to promote mastery of course material. Students are directed to video resources, articles from award-winning SAGE journals accompanied by discussion questions, and other multimedia resources. Students can also practice with mobile-friendly eFlashcards and take the web quizzes at SAGE edge to find out what they’ve learned.

      About the Author

      William J. Rayis an Emeritus Professor of Psychology at Penn State University. He received his PhD from Vanderbilt University and was a Fellow in Medical Psychology at the University of California Medical Center in San Francisco. He received his undergraduate degree from Eckerd College, where he learned about the value of primary sources and the need to integrate information from a number of perspectives. As part of his clinical training, he has worked in a number of mental hospitals and clinics across the country, where he developed an appreciation of the experiences of those with mental disorders. In his career, he has served as a visiting professor and researcher at the University of Hawaii, Münster University, University of Rome, Tübingen University, and Konstanz University. At Penn State, he was the Director of the SCAN (Specialization in Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience) program and was previously the Director of the Clinical Psychology Program. His research has focused on approaching clinical questions from a neuroscience perspective. He has used psychophysiological and brain imaging techniques such as EEG, MEG, DTI, and fMRI to study emotionality, psychopathology, and individual differences. These studies can be found in his numerous articles, book chapters, and books. His work has been published in such journals as Science, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal of Neuroscience, Psychophysiology, Physiological Reviews, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, Developmental Psychology, Journal of Abnormal Psychology, Cognitive Brain Research, Biological Psychology, NeuroImage, and Clinical Neurophysiology. This work has been funded by both national and international agencies including NIH, NIMH, NASA, NATO, and the DAAD. In addition to research, teaching has been an important part of his career. His textbooks include Abnormal Psychology, Methods Toward a Psychology of Behavior and Experience, Psychophysiological Methods (with Robert Stern & Karen Quigley), and Evolutionary Psychology: Neuroscience Perspectives Concerning Human Behavior and Experience.

      1 An Overview of Psychopathology and Changing Conceptualizations of Mental Illness

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      Chapter Outline

        Understanding Psychopathology: Definitions and Key Considerations

       Defining Psychopathology and Understanding Its Components

       Stigma and Mental Disorders

        The Three Major Themes of This Book

       Levels of Analysis

        LENS: American Attitudes Toward Mental Illness

       Biopsychosocial Approach

        The Relation of Evolution and Culture to Psychopathology

        CULTURAL LENS: Global Mental Health: Available Treatment

       Is Psychopathology Universal?

        Historical Considerations in Understanding Psychopathology

       Ancient Greek and Roman Influences—Mental Illness Involves the Brain

       Psychopathology in the Middle Ages

       From the Renaissance to the 1700s—The Beginning of Modern Science

        Discovering the Function of the Brain in Behavior and Psychopathology

       The 1700s to the 1900s

       A Growing Understanding of the Role of Evolution

       A Search for Organization

        Care for Those With Mental Disorders

        LENS: Closing Mental Hospitals in America

       From the Past to the Present

        Biological Approaches to Treating Mental Illness

        Psychological Treatment Perspectives in the Twentieth Century

       Psychodynamic Perspectives on Treatment

       Existential-Humanistic Perspectives

       Behavioral and Cognitive-Behavioral Perspectives

        Summary

        Study Resources

       Review Questions

       For Further Reading

       Key Terms and Concepts

       SAGE edge

      Learning Objectives

       1.1 Describe the components of and key considerations of psychopathology.

       1.2 Discuss the major themes of this book.

       1.3 Explain how evolution and culture are relevant to psychopathology.

       1.4 Summarize the historical influences on modern conceptions of mental disorders.

       1.5 Explain how discoveries about the brain contributed to an understanding of psychopathology.

       1.6 Discuss past and present methods of care for those with mental disorders.

       1.7 Describe the major present-day empirical treatment perspectives.

      John Nash

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      The biography A Beautiful Mind describes the fascinating life and experiences of mathematician John Nash (Nasar, 1998). The powerful story was made into a major Hollywood film that won the Academy Award for Best Picture in 2001. John Nash was, indeed, a remarkable figure, who received a PhD in mathematics from Princeton University and taught at both MIT and Princeton. In 1994, Nash won the Nobel Prize in economics for his work on game theory. From what I just told you, you probably assume that John Nash had a very productive career, and in many ways he did.

      However, there was another aspect to John Nash’s life that caused considerable distress to himself and puzzlement for others. One day at work, when he was 30 years old, he walked into a room full of others in his department, held up a copy of the New York Times, and said to no one in particular that the story in the upper-left corner contained an encrypted message. Not only was it a message in code, he claimed, but it had been put there by inhabitants of another galaxy and he knew how to decode it (Nasar, 1998, p. 16).

      Terri