Nobel. Michael Worek

and had to be nursed by his second wife, Edith Bolling Galt, until his death in 1924.

      Although unable to attend the Nobel ceremony because of his failing health, President Woodrow Wilson had a telegram read by the American minister in which he praised the legacy of Alfred Nobel, where the “cause of peace and the cause of truth are of one family.”

      Nobel Laureates

      1910-1919

      1910

      Nobel Prize in Physics

      Johannes Diderik van der Waals

      Born November 23, 1837, in Leiden, Netherlands, and died March 8, 1923, in Amsterdam. For his work on the equation of state for gases and liquids.

      Nobel Prize in Chemistry

      Otto Wallach

      Born March 27, 1847, in Königsberg, Germany, and died February 26, 1931, in Göttingen. In recognition of his services to organic chemistry and the chemical industry by his pioneer work in the field of alicyclic compounds.

      Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine

      Albrecht Kossel

      Born September 16, 1853, in Rostock, Germany, and died July 5, 1927, in Heidelberg. In recognition of the contribution to our knowledge of cell chemistry made through his work on proteins, including the nucleic substances.

      Nobel Prize in Literature

      Paul Johann Ludwig Heyse

      Born March 5, 1830, in Berlin, Germany, and died April 2, 1914, in Munich. As a tribute to the consummate artistry, permeated with idealism, which he has demonstrated during his long productive career as a lyric poet, dramatist, novelist and writer of world-renowned short stories.

      Nobel Peace Prize

      Permanent International Peace Bureau

      Founded in 1891, in Bern, Switzerland. For facilitating communication between societies and peoples, collecting information on the peace movement and helping to prepare the Annual Peace Congress.

      1911

      Nobel Prize in Physics

      Wilhelm Wien

      Born January 13, 1864, in Gaffken, Germany, and died August 30, 1928, in Munich. For his discoveries regarding the laws governing the radiation of heat.

      Nobel Prize in Chemistry

      Marie Curie, née Maria Sklodowska

      Born November 7, 1867, in Warsaw, Poland, and died July 4, 1934, in Savoy, France. In recognition of her services to the advancement of chemistry by the discovery of the elements radium and polonium, by the isolation of radium and the study of the nature and compounds of this remarkable element.

      Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine

      Allvar Gullstrand

      Born June 5, 1862, in Landskrona, Sweden, and died July 28, 1930, in Stockholm. For his work on the dioptrics of the eye.

      Nobel Prize in Literature

      Maurice Maeterlinck, pseudonym of Maurice Polidore Marie Bernhard Maeterlinck

      Born August 29, 1862, in Ghent, Belgium, and died May 6, 1949, in Nice, France. In appreciation of his many-sided literary activities, and especially of his dramatic works, which are distinguished by a wealth of imagination and by a poetic fancy, which reveals, sometimes in the guise of a fairy tale, a deep inspiration, while in a mysterious way they appeal to the readers’ own feelings and stimulate their imaginations.

      Nobel Peace Prize

      Tobias Michael Carel Asser

      Born April 28, 1838, in Amsterdam, Netherlands, and died July 29, 1913, in The Hague. Practical statesman and a pioneer of the legal regulation in international relations.

      Alfred Hermann Fried

      Born November 11, 1864, in Vienna, Austria, and died May 5, 1921, in Vienna. Author of literary works, which have eventually made him the greatest pacifist of the last 20 years.

      1912

      Nobel Prize in Physics

      Nils Gustaf Dalén

      Born November 30, 1869, in Stenstorp, Sweden, and died December 9, 1937, in Lidingö.For his invention of automatic regulators for use in conjunction with gas accumulators for illuminating lighthouses and buoys.

      Nobel Prize in Chemistry

      Victor Grignard

      Born May 6, 1871, in Cherbourg, France, and died December 13, 1935, in Lyon.For the discovery of the so-called Grignard reagent, which in recent years has greatly advanced the progress of organic chemistry.

      &

      Paul Sabatier

      Born November 5, 1854, in Carcassonne, France, and died August 14, 1941, in Toulouse.For his method of hydrogenating organic compounds in the presence of finely disintegrated metals whereby the progress of organic chemistry has been greatly advanced in recent years.

      Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine

      Alexis Carrel

      Born June 28, 1873, in Sainte-Foy-lès-Lyon, France, and died November 5, 1944, in Paris. In recognition of his work on vascular suture and the transplantation of blood vessels and organs.

      Nobel Prize in Literature

      Gerhart Johann Robert Hauptmann

      Born November 15, 1862, in Bad Obersalzbrunn, Germany, and died June 6, 1946, in Agnetendorf. Primarily in recognition of his fruitful, varied and outstanding production in the realm of dramatic art.

      Nobel Peace Prize

      Elihu Root

      Born February 15, 1845, in Clinton, New York, United States, and died February 7, 1937, in New York.A man of engaging personality who has tried, with determination and independence, to put his ideals into practice.

      1913

      Nobel Prize in Physics

      Heike Kamerlingh Onnes

      Born September 21, 1853, in Groningen, Netherlands, and died February 21, 1926, in Leiden, Germany. For his investigations on the properties of matter at low temperatures which led, inter alia, to the production of liquid helium.

      Nobel Prize in Chemistry

      Alfred Werner

      Born December 12, 1866, in Mülhausen, Germany (now France), and died November 15, 1919, in Zurich,Switzerland. In recognition of his work on the linkage of atoms in molecules by which he has thrown new light on earlier investigations and opened up new fields of research especially in inorganic chemistry.

      Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine

      Charles Richet

      Born August 25, 1850, in Paris, France, and died December 4, 1835, in Paris. In recognition of his work on anaphylaxis.

      Nobel Prize in Literature

      Ravindranatha Thakur, pseudonym of Rabindranath Tagore

      Born May 7, 1861, in Calcutta, India, and died August 7, 1941, in Calcutta. Because of his profoundly sensitive, fresh and beautiful verse, by which, with consummate skill, he has made his poetic thought, expressed in his own English words, a part of the literature of the West.

      Nobel Peace Prize

      Henri La Fontaine

      Born