Nobel. Michael Worek

by which he has opened a new road in the domain of medical science and thereby placed in the hands of the physician a victorious weapon against illness and deaths.

      Nobel Prize in Literature

      Sully Prudhomme, pseudonym of René François Armand Prudhomme

      Born March 16, 1839, in Paris, France, and died September 7, 1907, in Châtenay. In special recognition of his poetic composition, which gives evidence of lofty idealism, artistic perfection and a rare combination of the qualities of both heart and intellect.

      Nobel Peace Prize

      Jean Henry Dunant

      Born May 8, 1828, in Geneva, Switzerland, and died October 30, 1910, in Heiden. For actions developing the organization of the Geneva Conventions of 1863 and 1864 and the International Red Cross, created by these conventions.

      &

      Frédéric Passy

      Born May 20, 1822, in Paris, France, and died June 12, 1912, in Paris. Fighting for the Peace Movement for more than 50 years, becoming known as the Apostle of Peace.

      1902

      Nobel Prize in Physics

      Hendrik Antoon Lorentz

      Born July 18, 1853, in Arnhem, Netherlands, and died February 4, 1928, in Haarlem.

      &

      Pieter Zeeman

      Born May 25, 1865, in Zonnemaire, Netherlands, and died October 9, 1943, in Amsterdam. In recognition of the extraordinary service they rendered by their researches into the influence of magnetism upon radiation phenomena.

      Nobel Prize in Chemistry

      Hermann Emil Fischer

      Born October 9, 1852, in Euskirchen, Prussia, and died July 15, 1919, in Berlin. In recognition of the extraordinary services he has rendered by his work on sugar and purine syntheses.

      Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine

      Ronald Ross

      Born May 13, 1857, in Almora, India, and died September 16, 1932, in London, England. For his work on malaria, by which he has shown how it enters the organism and thereby has laid the foundation for successful research on this disease and methods of combating it.

      Nobel Prize in Literature

      Christian Matthias Theodor Mommsen

      Born November 30, 1817, in Garding, Germany, and died November 1, 1903, in Charlottenburg. The greatest living master of the art of historical writing, with special reference to his monumental work, A History of Rome.

      Nobel Peace Prize

      Élie Ducommun

      Born February 19, 1833, in Geneva, Switzerland, and died December 7, 1906, in Bern. Tireless as the director of the Peace Bureau in Berne, heading the work of all peace societies in the world.

      1903

      Nobel Prize in Physics

      Antoine Henri Becquerel

      Born December 15, 1852, in Paris, France, and died August 25, 1908, in Le Croisic. In recognition of the extraordinary services he has rendered by his discovery of spontaneous radioactivity.

      &

      Marie Curie, née Maria Sklodowska

      Born November 7, 1867, in Warsaw, Poland, and died July 4, 1934, near Sallanches, France.

      &

      Pierre Curie

      Born May 15, 1859, in Paris, France, and died April 19, 1906, in Paris.

      In recognition of the extraordinary services they have rendered by their joint researches on the radiation phenomena discovered by Professor Henri Becquerel.

      Nobel Prize in Chemistry

      Svante August Arrhenius

      Born February 19, 1859, in Vik, Sweden, and died October 2, 1927, in Stockholm. In recognition of the extraordinary services he has rendered to the advancement of chemistry by his electrolytic theory of dissociation.

      Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine

      Niels Ryberg Finsen

      Born December 15, 1860, in Thórshavn, Denmark, and died September 24, 1904, in Copenhagen. In recognition of his contribution to the treatment of diseases, especially lupus vulgaris, with concentrated light radiation, whereby he has opened a new avenue for medical science.

      Nobel Prize in Literature

      Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson

      Born December 8, 1832, in Kvikne, Norway, and died April 26, 1910, in Paris, France. As a tribute to his noble, magnificent and versatile poetry, which has always been distinguished by both the freshness of its inspiration and the rare purity of its spirit.

      Nobel Peace Prize

      William Randal Cremer

      Born March 18, 1828, in Fareham, England, and died July 22, 1908, in London. Intense work in favor of the peace movement and the growth of international arbitration as a means of achieving world peace.

      1904

      Nobel Prize in Physics

      Lord Rayleigh (John William Strutt)

      Born November 12, 1842, in Langford Grove, England, and died June 30, 1919, in Witham. For his investigations of the densities of the most important gases and for his discovery of argon in connection with these studies.

      Nobel Prize in Chemistry

      William Ramsay

      Born October 2, 1852, in Glasgow, Scotland, and died July 23, 1916, in High Wycombe, England.In recognition of his services in the discovery of the inert gaseous elements in air, and his determination of their place in the periodic system.

      Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine

      Ivan Petrovich Pavlov

      Born September 14, 1849, in Ryazan, Russia, and died February 27, 1936, in Leningrad (now Saint Petersburg). In recognition of his work on the physiology of digestion, through which knowledge on vital aspects of the subject has been transformed and enlarged.

      Nobel Prize in Literature

      Joséde Echegaray

      Born April 19, 1832, in Madrid, Spain, and diedSeptember 4, 1916, in Madrid. In recognition of the numerous and brilliant compositions which, in an individual and original manner, have revived the great traditions of the Spanish drama.

      &

      Frédéric Mistral

      Born September 8, 1830, in Maillane, France, and died March 25, 1914, in Maillane.In recognition of the fresh originality and true inspiration of his poetic production, which faithfully reflects the natural scenery and native spirit of his people, and, in addition, his significant work as a Provençal philologist.

      Nobel Peace Prize

      Institute of International Law

      Founded in 1873 in Ghent, Belgium.Efforts so that the law between nations is the result of the action of a scholarly institution, which aspires to be the legal conscience of the world.

      1905

      Nobel Prize in Physics

      Philipp Eduard von Lenard

      Born June 7, 1862, in Pressburg, Austria-Hungary (now Bratislava, Slovakia), and died May 20, 1947, in