Liminal Thinking. Dave Gray

of self-sealing logic, which maintains them even when they are invalid, to protect personal identity and self-worth.

       Principle 6. Beliefs Are Tied to Identity

      Governing beliefs, which form the basis for other beliefs, are the most difficult to change, because they are tied to personal identity and feelings of self-worth. You can’t change your governing beliefs without changing yourself.

       Part II. What to Do About It

      Nine practices to help you minimize reality distortion, envision possibilities, and create positive change.

       Practice 1. Assume You Are Not Objective

      If you’re part of the system you want to change, you’re part of the problem.

       Practice 2. Empty Your Cup

      You can’t learn new things without letting go of old things. Stop, look, and listen. Suspend judgment. What’s going on?

       Practice 3. Create Safe Space

      If you don’t understand the underlying need, nothing else matters. People will not share their innermost needs unless they feel safe, respected, and accepted for who they are.

       Practice 4. Triangulate and Validate

      Look at situations from as many points of view as possible. Consider the possibility that seemingly different or contradictory beliefs may be valid. If something doesn’t make sense to you, then you’re missing something.

       Practice 5. Ask Questions, Make Connections

      Try to understand people’s hopes, dreams, and frustrations. Explore the social system and make connections to create new opportunities.

       Practice 6. Disrupt Routines

      Many beliefs are embedded in habitual routines that run on autopilot. If a routine is a problem, disrupt the routine to create new possibilities.

       Practice 7. Act As If in the Here and Now

      You can test beliefs, even if you don’t believe they are true. All you need to do is act as if they are true and see what happens. If you find something that works, do more of it.

       Practice 8. Make Sense with Stories

      If you give people facts without a story, they will explain it within their existing belief system. The best way to promote a new or different belief is not with facts, but with a story.

       Practice 9. Evolve Yourself

      If you can be open about how change affects you personally, you have a better chance of achieving your aims. To change the world, you must be willing to change yourself.

       Now What?

       Appendix

       Glossary

       Index

       Acknowledgments

       About the Author

Foreword

      It’s necessary if you’ve gotten this far in Dave’s newest book—and I say newest because he is prolific and his energy pervades his passion about thinking and understanding—it is necessary to read his definition of the word liminal, a word that I had never heard before he asked me to do this foreword, but I’m envious and jealous that he thought it up as the name of a book.

      In fact, in the off chance that he’s not going to use it in the beginning of his book, I’ll reproduce his definition here as the beginning of my introduction to his many words:

      “What is liminal thinking? Liminal is a word that means boundary, doorway, portal. Not this or that, not the old way or the new way, but neither and both. A state of ambiguity or disorientation that precedes a breakthrough to a new kind of thinking. The space between. Liminal thinking is a kind of psychological agility that enables you to successfully navigate these times of transition. It involves the ability to read your own beliefs and needs; the ability to read others’ beliefs and needs; and the habit of continually evaluating, validating, and changing beliefs in order to better meet needs.”

      We both recognize that the look of things, the name of things, forms the doorknob to the door and belongs in this great villa of learning and understanding that pervades mankind. Each of us resides in some strange side chapel, which we poke our nose out of every once in a while, prod the rest of them, and invite them over into our little alcove for our odd interpretation and individual definitions of how to join us in a more interesting, more productive, and more understanding life.

      This is certainly a book to be read because it is like being with Dave himself, filled with the energy of his conviction, his whole belief system about how to get through our life of thinking and making sense, asking questions, exploring our alternatives, and in a conversational way, with Super Glue attached, putting it all together in an amalgam of a story.

      Boy, does Dave do it well, and he seems to do it effortlessly. He can produce one of these babies in one-tenth the time it would take me. Dave is formidable physically, so it’s accurate for me to say that when I’m in his presence, I look up to him and he looks down on me.

      When we’re sitting, I think we’re more equal and very much in the same street, neighborhood, village, town, city, county, and country. In the best sense of the word, this is popularization of the obvious, of the space between things, of seeing things you’ve always seen but never seen and pulling them into your own personal library, for getting through the morass, the flotsam and jetsam of all the stuff that’s around us.

      He’s on my short list of a very short list of kindred spirits. I wish him well. And you would be wise to get past my prattle and read his book.

      —Richard Saul Wurman

      Newport, R.I.

      10 August 2015

Preface

       How This Book Came to Be

      A new type of thinking is essential if mankind is to survive and move toward higher levels.

       —Albert Einstein

      Some years ago, I came across a book that had inspired me as a high school student. The book was called Rapid Viz: A New Method for the Rapid Visualization of Ideas by Kurt Hanks. It was the first time I had ever seen someone articulate the idea of drawing as thinking, which since