Самый краткий теоретический курс химии. Игорь Владиславович Казаринов

Читать онлайн.
Название Самый краткий теоретический курс химии
Автор произведения Игорь Владиславович Казаринов
Жанр Учебная литература
Серия
Издательство Учебная литература
Год выпуска 0
isbn 9785449860408



Скачать книгу

такое происходит?

      Дело в том, что электроны в атомах не летают в беспорядке вокруг ядра. Они организованы и занимают строго определённые положения.

      Как выяснили физики уже после появления таблицы Менделеева, электроны создают вокруг ядра слои из электронов. И каждый следующий слой имеет больший радиус и больший объём, соответственно в нем может разместиться больше электронов.

      Конец ознакомительного фрагмента.

      Текст предоставлен ООО «ЛитРес».

      Прочитайте эту книгу целиком, купив полную легальную версию на ЛитРес.

      Безопасно оплатить книгу можно банковской картой Visa, MasterCard, Maestro, со счета мобильного телефона, с платежного терминала, в салоне МТС или Связной, через PayPal, WebMoney, Яндекс.Деньги, QIWI Кошелек, бонусными картами или другим удобным Вам способом.

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