The Chronology of Ancient Kingdoms Amended. Isaac Newton

Bœotia, formerly called Cadmeis, is seized by the Bœotians.

      838. Cheops Reigns in Egypt. He built the greatest Pyramid for his sepulchre, and forbad the worship of the former Kings; intending to have been worshipped himself.

      825. The Heraclides, after three Generations, or an hundred years, reckoned from their former expedition, return into Peloponnesus. Henceforward, to the end of the first Messenian war, reigned ten Kings of Sparta by one Race, and nine by another; ten of Messene, and nine of Arcadia: which, by reckoning (according to the ordinary course of nature) about twenty years to a Reign, one Reign with another, will take up about 190 years. And the seven Reigns more in one of the two Races of the Kings of Sparta, and eight in the other, to the battle at Thermopylæ; may take up 150 years more: and so place the return of the Heraclides, about 820 years before Christ.

      824. Cephren Reigns in Egypt, and builds another great Pyramid.

      808. Mycerinus Reigns there, and begins the third great Pyramid. He shut up the body of his daughter in a hollow ox, and caused her to be worshipped daily with odours.

      804. The war, between the Athenians and Spartans, in which Codrus, King of the Athenians, is slain.

      801. Nitocris, the sister of Mycerinus, succeeds him, and finishes the third great Pyramid.

      794. The Ionic Migration, under the conduct of the sons of Codrus.

      790. Pul founds the Assyrian Empire.

      788. Asychis Reigns in Egypt, and builds the eastern Portico of the Temple of Vulcan very splendidly; and a large Pyramid of brick, made of mud dug out of the Lake of Mœris. Egypt breaks into several Kingdoms. Gnephactus and Bocchoris Reign successively in the upper Egypt; Stephanathis; Necepsos and Nechus, at Sais; Anysis or Amosis, at Anysis or Hanes; and Tacellotis, at Bubaste.

      776. Iphitus restores the Olympiads. And from this Æra the Olympiads are now reckoned. Gnephactus Reigns at Memphis.

      772. Necepsos and Petosiris invent Astrology in Egypt.

      760. Semiramis begins to flourish; Sanchoniatho writes.

      751. Sabacon the Ethiopian, invades Egypt, now divided into various Kingdoms, burns Bocchoris, slays Nechus, and makes Anysis fly.

      747. Pul, King of Assyria, dies, and is succeeded at Nineveh by Tiglathpilasser, and at Babylon by Nabonassar. The Egyptians, who fled from Sabacon, carry their Astrology and Astronomy to Babylon, and found the Æra of Nabonassar in Egyptian years.

      740. Tiglathpilasser, King of Assyria, takes Damascus, and captivates the Syrians.

      729. Tiglathpilasser is succeeded by Salmanasser.

      721. Salmanasser, King of Assyria, carries the Ten Tribes into captivity.

      719. Sennacherib Reigns over Assyria. Archias the son of Evagetus, of the stock of Hercules, leads a Colony from Corinth into Sicily, and builds Syracuse.

      717. Tirhakah Reigns in Ethiopia.

      714. Sennacherib is put to flight by the Ethiopians and Egyptians, with great slaughter.

      711. The Medes revolt from the Assyrians. Sennacherib slain. Asserhadon succeeds him. This is that Asserhadon-Pul, or Sardanapalus, the son of Anacyndaraxis, or Sennacherib, who built Tarsus and Anchiale in one day.

      710. Lycurgus, brings the poems of Homer out of Asia into Greece.

      708. Lycurgus, becomes tutor to Charillus or Charilaus, the young King of Sparta. Aristotle makes Lycurgus as old as Iphitus, because his name was upon the Olympic Disc. But the Disc was one of the five games called the Quinquertium, and the Quinquertium was first instituted upon the eighteenth Olympiad. Socrates and Thucydides made the institutions of Lycurgus about 300 years older than the end of the Peloponnesian war, that is, 705 years before Christ.

      701. Sabacon, after a Reign of 50 years, relinquishes Egypt to his son Sevechus or Sethon, who becomes Priest of Vulcan, and neglects military affairs.

      698. Manasseh Reigns.

      697. The Corinthians begin first of any men to build ships with three orders of oars, called Triremes. Hitherto the Greeks had used long vessels of fifty oars.

      687. Tirhakah Reigns in Egypt.

      681. Asserhadon invades Babylon.

      673. The Jews conquered by Asserhadon, and Manasseh carried captive to Babylon.

      671. Asserbadon invades Egypt. The government of Egypt committed to twelve princes.

      668. The western nations of Syria, Phœnicia and Egypt, revolt from the Assyrians. Asserhadon dies, and is succeeded by Saosduchinus. Manasseh returns from Captivity.

      658. Phraortes Reigns in Media. The Prytanes Reign in Corinth, expelling their Kings.

      657. The Corinthians overcome the Corcyreans at sea: and this was the oldest sea fight.

      655. Psammiticus becomes King of all Egypt, by conquering the other eleven Kings with whom he had already reigned fifteen years: he reigned about 39 years more. Henceforward the Ionians had access into Egypt; and thence came the Ionian Philosophy, Astronomy and Geometry.

      652. The first Messenian war begins: it lasted twenty years.

      647. Charops, the first decennial Archon of the Athenians. Some of these Archons might dye before the end of the ten years, and the remainder of the ten years be supplied by a new Archon. And hence the seven decennial Archons might not take up above forty or fifty years. Saosduchinus King of Assyria dies, and is succeeded by Chyniladon.

      640. Josiah Reigns in Judæa.

      636. Phraortes> King of the Medes, is slain in a war against the Assyrians. Astyages succeeds him.

      635. The Scythians invade the Medes and Assyrians.

      633. Battus builds Cyrene, where Irasa, the city of Antæus, had stood.

      627. Rome is built.

      625. Nabopolassar revolts from the King of Assyria, and Reigns over Babylon. Phalantus leads the Parthenians into Italy, and builds Tarentum.

      617. Psammiticus dies. Nechaoh reigns in Egypt.

      611. Cyaxeres Reigns over the Medes.

      610. The Princes of the Scythians slain in a feast by Cyaxeres.

      609. Josiah slain. Cyaxeres and Nebuchadnezzar overthrow Nineveh, and, by sharing the Assyrian Empire, grow great.

      607. Creon the first annual Archon of the Athenians. The second Messenian war begins. Cyaxeres makes the Scythians retire beyond Colchos and Iberia, and seizes the Assyrian Provinces of Armenia, Pontus and Cappadocia.

      606. Nebuchadnezzar invades Syria and Judæa.