The implementation of the economic cycle: freedom, trust, duty. Николай Камзин

financial resources;

      – innovative resources.

      Accordingly, the actors and their remuneration are as follows:

      The owner – rent;

      The worker – wage;

      The capitalist – the percentage;

      The entrepreneur – a profit.

      «It is easier to obtain than to keep», to maintain «stability zones» and the established order of the mechanism established by the provision of Art. 57[68] of the Constitution of the Russian Federation. Entrepreneur as a reward for his activity and the idea of business expects to receive income, the worker for his labor a guaranteed wage, the capitalist expects a capital gain, and the government imposes taxes and fees on its territory owners and users, whether natural, or man-made objects[69].

      The nature of international economic cooperation is multifaceted[70]. To describe its essence, the inner essence is to maintain world stability, permanence, the protection of existing values, the external entity is a reflection of the actual needs of stake holders to evaluate and order fulfillment.

      Commitment generated by the commission of any act of the participants of this relationship remains «a feeling of incompleteness», in the science of psychology there is a «Zeigarnik effect» whereby indeed interrupted, «unerledigter Handlunge»[71] is a strong position in the subject's memory rather than acts of completed actions. With regard to institutional and public entities believe it is undeniable accounting and provide periodic reporting on performance results.

      In terms of institutional organization relationships in terms of turnover of public goods, the basis of civil rights are the property relations carried out in three areas: innovation, production, commercial, and financial[72].

      So, how do at this stage of development is organized pursuant to mutual financial obligations within the framework of international economic cooperation.

      Fundamental principles of this system are the subjects, which represent the private, institutional and public education sovereigns.

      Individuals – are physical persons, residents in the attitude of one or more of the state, and foreign nationals (non-residents) in relation to other.

      Institutional Education – an association created to carry out joint activities and to achieve certain goals in the composition, which is composed of different reasons individuals, institutional, educational, public sovereigns.

      A public entity – the state, public association with all the attributes to separate sovereign territory, the presence of which, in effect, and distinguishes it from modern institutional structures already so similar to the state, but it is located in one of the jurisdictions.

      Operators, agents are specialized institutional education, acting in accordance with the laws of the jurisdiction and the presence of registration. The activities carried out under a special permit, license of the Central Bank of the sovereign public, which gives them the right to perform certain banking transactions in accordance with standard operating procedures, which registered the order of their conduct.

      Under Part 2[73] of Art. 75 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, as a significant public entity accounting relations, established by the Central Bank of Russia, so it is not «a natural product of banking development»[74]. Created by the will of the state and burdened with the primary function of protecting and sustaining the national currency. Detail its legal status is defined by the Federal Law «On Central Bank of Russian Federation (Bank of Russia)» № 86-FL[75].

      In this world everything has its price, the price is set in the currency of a State, between actors in international economic cooperation is most often recorded in the contract price in the currency EURO or USD, in view of current practice. And she has developed through standard SDR, which is practically obsolete and is used by inertia, a multi-system formation is projected to include it as the Yen and possibly the Chinese Yuan, ruble considered as a candidate for this role, it is premature[76].

      However, examining the individual operations, as a conclusion that it depends on the interests and understandings of the parties.

      The legal basis for using the Russian ruble in international transactions is the Federal Law «On Currency Regulation and Currency Control» № 173-FL[77].

      Even in the first edition of the law (October 1992) was declared that the foreign exchange operations with the Russian ruble current account balance of payments are made without any restrictions. This is possible already at the first stage of market reforms in Russia to ensure the growth of liquidity in the currency market of the Russian Federation and prevent the use of ruble in payments for foreign trade, primarily with the CIS countries. On June 1, 1996 pursuant to Decree of the President of Russia Russian Federation acceded to Article VIII of the Statute of the International Monetary Fund, which meant that the assumption of international obligations in support of the Russian currency convertibility on current account[78].

      Based on these norms Russian commercial banks have the right to open correspondent accounts «Loro» in rubles for foreign banks with the ability to enroll in them proceeds from the sale of goods and services in Russia in favor of foreign companies – participants of foreign trade operations.

      The currency, the money there and turned into cash and cashless. With regard to the activities of institutional actors have set limits, particularly in the Russian Federation has the following positions. «Payments in cash in the Russian Federation between entities and between legal person and a citizen engaged in entrepreneurial activities without forming a legal entity (hereinafter – the individual entrepreneur), between individual entrepreneurs associated with their business activities under one contract signed between these parties may be in an amount not exceeding 100 thousand rubles»[79]. Regarding the relations prevailing in the area of movement of goods across the customs border of the State of a reservation. «Customs fees paid in cash in accordance with Art. 331 of the Customs Code of the Russian Federation shall be exercised in accordance with Russian law, and not in accordance with the agreement concluded between certain parties. In this regard, when making these payments in cash rules Instructions № 1843-I does not apply»[80]. This clause was the basis for creating a specialized banking product «custom maps», «maps of foreign economic activity» referred to in different ways by individual lending institutions and[81], indeed, is a standardized (template) means of payment of customs payments on treasury bills of the Russian Federation.

      Most of the complexity of the relationship are dispositive, folding, when equal entities shall cooperate on a voluntary mutual benefit, they are in the regulatory framework established by the ability to negotiate, to dialogue and reach a balanced conclusion as a result of negotiations.

      So, consider the following situation. There is a subject which has the ability to provide goods or services, and the subject in need of this product or service, they know about each other, but still were in direct interaction and, consequently, the reputation of each other can only bring «outside help».

      Risks in collaboration missing, as Homer wrote «dangerous maneuvering between rocks»[82] is present on this side and on the other hand, reached an agreement on price, product, date, it remains to solve the issue of making payments, how to organize calculations for specificity has led to what we have deal with the goods.

      Options to address the issue:

      –

68

Конституция Российской Федерации (ред. 30.12.2008) // Российская газета. 2009. № 7. («Каждый обязан платить законно установленные налоги и сборы. Законы, устанавливающие новые налоги или ухудшающие положение налогоплательщиков, обратной силы не имеют»).

69

Под естественными и искусственными объектами понимаются, например, недра, леса, дороги, сложившиеся общественные отношения.

70

Nikolay L. Kamzin, Elizabeth L. Kamzina. Theory and practical aspects of Internationa settlements. – Saarbrücken: LAP LAMBERT Academic Publishing. 2011. – P. 21.

71

Zeigarnik Bluma. Das Behalten erledigter und unerledigter Handlungen // Psychologischen Institut der Universitait Berlin. 1927. 85 p.

72

Мозолин В.П., Рябов А.А. О трех сферах имущественных отношений, регулируемых гражданским законодательством // Законодательство. 2009. № 6. С. 24.

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Конституция Российской Федерации (в ред. 30.12.2008) // Российская газета. 2009. № 7. («Защита и обеспечение устойчивости рубля – основная функция Центрального банка Российской Федерации, которую он осуществляет независимо от других органов государственной власти»).

74

Smith Vera C. The Rationale of Central Banking and the Free Banking Alternative. – Indianapolis: Liberty Fund. 1990. – P. 102.

75

Федеральным законом «О Центральном банке Российской Федерации (Банке России)» от 10.07.2002. № 86-ФЗ (в ред. от 21.11.2011) // Российская газета. 2002. № 127.

76

Красавина Л.Н. Российский рубль как мировая валюта: стратегический вызов инновационного развития России // ДЕНЬГИ И КРЕДИТ. 2008. № 5. C. 18.

77

Федеральный закон «О валютном регулировании и валютном контроле» от 10.12.2003 № 173-ФЗ (в ред. от 21.11.2011) // Российская газета. 2003. № 253.

78

Потемкин А.И. Об усилении российского рубля в международных расчетах // ДЕНЬГИ И КРЕДИТ. 2010. № 8. C. 3.

79

Указание ЦБ РФ от 20.06.2007 № 1843-У (в ред. от 28.04.2008) «О предельном размере расчетов наличными деньгами и расходовании наличных денег, поступивших в кассу юридического лица или кассу индивидуального предпринимателя» // Вестник Банка России. 2007.№ 39.

80

Официальное разъяснение ЦБ РФ от 28.09.2009 № 34-ОР «О применении отдельных положений Указания Банка России от 20.06.2007 № 1843-У «О предельном размере расчетов наличными деньгами и расходовании наличных денег, поступивших в кассу юридического лица или кассу индивидуального предпринимателя» Вестник Банка России. 2009. № 8.

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http://www.svyaznoybank.ru

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Бланк И.А. Управление финансовыми рисками. – К.: Ника-Центр. 2005. – С. 10.