Babycalming: Simple Solutions for a Happy Baby. Caroline Deacon

meaning of a particular type of cry. However, if you are at all worried, do ring your GP.

      IS HE BORED?

      If you’ve eliminated obvious physical discomfort, then your baby may be frightened, lonely or bored; i.e., in need of human company for comfort! In this case he will probably stop crying when you pick him up. You will find lots of suggestions for soothing a crying baby later on in the section on Step Two.

      Paediatrician Berry Brazelton suggests that you don’t rush straight in but watch instead to see whether your baby can soothe himself. He suggests six things to try in turn. First, show your baby your face to see if that reassures him. Then, speak gently to see if face and voice alone can soothe. The next method to try is a warm hand laid gently on his tummy; then try both hands to contain his arms and legs. If none of these manages to calm your baby, pick him up. It can be good to hold him in a position which makes him feel safe and secure (see page 79) or to wrap him up securely with access to his knuckles or fingers so that he can suck them (see page 79). Sucking is the most soothing thing for a baby.⁷

      Step Three: Sleep

      Is he tired? Babies are not skilled at getting themselves to sleep, and can cry through tiredness. Your baby will need lots of sleep to help him grow and learn, and there is information about ways of helping your baby to sleep in the section on Step Three, as well as how your baby’s need for sleep can dovetail with yours, so you and your family get all the sleep you need.

       My second baby wanted to be held a lot when he was little, and my first was just aged 20 months at the time and wanting mummy too. So I bought a second-hand baby sling from a friend and ‘wore’ my newborn on my front for the first couple of weeks. It kept him quiet and content and left me free to get on with everything else.

       – Sonia, mother of Anna, Ricky and Jessica

       ~ Times Change ~ Answer – 1899 ~

      Dr Holt, author of the bestselling The Care and Feeding of Children, addressing the third annual convention of the National Congress of Mothers in Washington DC, mid-February 1899

       2 Getting Used to the World: The First Six Weeks

       ~ Times change – does the advice stay the same? ~

      Childrearing, like cheap wine, does not travel well.

      If we compare our Western culture to any other, throughout history or elsewhere in the world, we probably are the least baby-centred society ever to exist. Mothers give birth and are expected to get ‘back to normal’ in a matter of days. We ignore the fact that giving birth, even without complications or interventions, is the physical equivalent of running a marathon.

      You Need Time

      In most cultures, women are cared for by other women after birth for an average of 40 days. That’s how it should be. It’s a complete myth that some women give birth at the side of a field and then carry on with normal chores. ‘Lying-in’ after birth is the norm for most, and six weeks seems a sensible time to allow a mother to recover and to get to know her baby. It is a time for physical rest and for establishing a milk supply. A new mother needs a lot of support, love and care – she too, needs a lot of mothering.

      Your Baby Needs Time

      A newborn baby also needs time to get used to the world, to find out what is expected of her, and to get to grips with basic skills like feeding. Although there is a surprising amount that she can do for herself, she is still dependent on you and needs you to help her help herself. Take time to try the steps mentioned on page 8 before rushing in.

       We are in such a rush to get on, get back to normal, get into a routine, get to the next stage … but babies take time, especially in these first six weeks. It takes time to build up a breastmilk supply, it takes time for your baby to learn to feed. Everything is slow – but don’t worry, it will speed up; in the meantime, consider this stage as a six-week baby-honeymoon or ‘babymoon’!

      These first six weeks are also a time for you and your baby to get to know each other, and to spend time in close contact. Other mammals bond by ‘imprinting’ – goats and sheep, for instance, need to be in constant contact in the first few hours and days after birth to learn who is who and to bond. We humans, too, need time spent in contact to develop that close relationship.

      One writer, Tine Thevenin, has an interesting theory about how we in the West raise children. We value independence above all, she claims, which is a male value. Women, she says, are less uncomfortable with dependency, but as we live in a male-dominated society, we push our babies towards independence sooner than we should. Hence the desire to get babies to sleep alone, to be put down in cribs rather than held close.¹

       DID YOU KNOW?

       – babies need contact!

      In the 1940s, psychiatrist René Spitz compared two groups of disadvantaged babies; one group were reared in prison by their own mothers who gave them attention and affection, even though most of their time was spent in the prison nursery. Despite the deprivation of their surroundings, these babies developed normally.

      The other group of babies were in an orphanage with one nurse for eight babies, and they were left in their cots, and only taken out for feeding and changing. The sides of the cots were draped with sheets to prevent the spread of infection. This meant the babies could not see out. Tragically, many of these babies did not live to two years of age, and those who did were physically stunted and severely retarded, emotionally and mentally. Few could walk or talk by age three, and they were withdrawn and apathetic.²

      Step One: Feeding

      In the first six weeks, your baby needs to feed a lot. Her tummy is only the size of a walnut, so it empties quickly. She is small and not yet practiced at feeding – it will take her some time to fill that tiny tummy. If she’s breastfeeding, she has to feed often to build up a milk supply, and she relies on you to hold her in the optimum position to do this; she will not be able to alter position by herself as she can when she’s older. Finally, if she is to survive, she needs to grow – she will double her weight in the first few months of life – never again will she need to grow so quickly.

      At this stage, if your baby cries or seems to need something, try feeding first.

      It may well feel, especially if you decide to breastfeed, that all you are doing is feeding your baby in these first six weeks. There is so much conflicting advice around feeding, but breastfeeding is really the best thing you can do for your baby and it is worth investing your time in these early weeks to learn how to do it.

      If you do feel worried that your baby is breastfeeding a lot, have a look at the guide to positioning your baby at your breast in Step One entitled Feeding Your Newborn (pages 43–4); sometimes you can improve this a little so that your baby can feed more efficiently and therefore more quickly. You could also ring a breastfeeding counsellor for help; the NCT National Breastfeeding Line is open from 8 a.m. to 10 p.m. seven days a week, tel: [phone].

      The section on Step One also explains in more detail why it is important to breastfeed your baby whenever she seems hungry. Baby-led feeding, or feeding ‘on demand’, is vital at this stage. Routines can and will develop – but not yet. So sit back and relax; take the time to recover from the birth, and