The Tribes and Castes of the Central Provinces of India, Volume 4. Robert Vane Russell

53

Tribes and Castes of Bengal, art. Kurmi.

54

Indian Folk Tales, p. 8.

55

Crotalaria juncea. See article on Lorha for a discussion of the Hindus’ prejudice against this crop.

56

There are several Chaurāsis, a grant of an estate of this special size being common under native rule.

57

Boswellia serrata.

58

Eugenia Jambolana.

59

2 lbs.

60

Elliot, Hoshangābād Settlement Report, p. 115.

61

The custom is pointed out by Mr. A. K. Smith, C.S.

62

Central Provinces Census Report (1911), p. 153.

63

C.P. Census Report (1911), p. 153.

64

Or his big toe.

65

C.P. Census Report (1911), p. 158.

66

In Indian Folk Tales.

67

Ficus R.

68

He is also known as Katia or Kattaha Brāhman and as Mahāpātra.

69

Indian Folk Tales, p. 54.

70

Sorghum vulgare, a large millet.

71

Dr. Jevons, Introduction to the History of Religion, p. 365.

72

A measure of 400 lbs.

73

Butea frondosa.

74

A measure containing 9 lb. 2 oz. of rice.

75

Ficus glomerata.

76

From Ganga, or the Ganges, and āla a pot.

77

Cajanus indicus.

78

Phaseolus mungo.

79

Phaseolus radiatus.

80

Bombax malabaricum.

81

Acacia arabica.

82

Cassia tora.

83

Punjab Census Report (1881), p. 340.

84

Schleichera trijuga.

85

Hindus of Gujarat, App., art. Vaghri, footnote.

86

Religion of the Semites.

87

Mackintosh, Report on the Mānbhaos..

88

See articles on Khairwār and Kewat.

89

Colonel Ward’s Mandia Settlement Report p. 29.

90

Brief View of the Caste System, p. 14.

91

Symplocos racemosa.

92

Rāja Lachman Singh’s Bulandshahr Memo, p. 182, quoted in Mr. Crooke’s Tribes and Castes, art. Lodha.

93

Narsinghpur Settlement Report (1866), p. 28.

94

Nagpur Settlement Report, p. 24.

95

A small millet.

96

Every twelfth year when the planet Jupiter is in conjunction with the constellation Sinh (Leo).

97

Butea Frondosa.

98

This is known as lodha.

99

The Rājjhars are a low caste of farmservants and labourers, probably an offshoot of the Bhar tribe.

100

Tribes and Castes of the N.W.P. and Oudh, art. Lohār.

101

Dowson, Classical Dictionary, s.v.

102

In Uriya the term, Ghantrabela means a person who has illicit intercourse with another. The Ghantra Lohārs are thus probably of bastard origin, like the groups known as half-castes and others which are frequently found.

103

Punjab Census Report (1881), para. 624. (Ibbetson.)

104

Tribes and Castes of Bengal, art. Lohār

105

About 15 acres.

106

Berār Census Report, 1881 (Kitts).

107

Punjāb Ethnography, para. 624.

108

Bombay Gazetteer, xvi. 82.

109

This article is partly based on papers by Mr. P.B. Telang, Munsiff Seoni-Mālwa, and Mr. Wāman Rao Mandloi, nāib-tahsīldār, Harda.

110

This derivation is also negatived by the fact that the name Mahāratta was known in the third century B.C., or long before the Rāstrakūtas became prominent.

111

Bombay Gazetteer; Gujarāt Hindus, p. 338.

112

Ibbetson, Punjab Census Report (1881).

113

Bombay Gazetteer, l.c. text and footnote by R. v. J. S. Taylor.

114

Kitts’ Berār Census Report (1881), p. 143.

115

See article on Panwār Rājpūt.

116

Berār Census Report (1881), p. 144.

117

Kitts’ Berār Census Report p. 144.

118

Described in the articles on Kurmi and Kunbi.

119

Loc. cit.

120

Bombay Gazetteer, Gujarāt Hindus, loc. cit.

121

In Berār for ten days—Kitts’ Berār Census Report, l.c.

122

3rd Baisākh (April) Sudi, commencement of agricultural year.

123

Berār Census Report, l.c.

124

Berār Census Report, l.c.

125

Bombay Gazetteer, Gujarat Hindus.

126

It was formerly suggested that the fact of the Mahars being the chief worshippers at the shrines of Sheikh Farīd indicated that the places themselves had been previously held sacred, and had been annexed by the Muhammadan priests; and the legend of the giant, who might represent the demonolatry of the aboriginal faith, being slain by the saint might be a parable, so to say, expressing this process. But in view of the way in which the Mehtars worship Musalmān saints, it seems quite likely that the Mahārs might do so for the same reason, that is, because Islām