Coding All-in-One For Dummies. Nikhil Abraham

beginner student experience, scroll down the page, and click the tile labeled “Write Your First Computer Program,” the link with the Angry Birds icon, as shown in Figure 1-2. This tutorial is meant for those with no previous computer programming experience, and it introduces the basic building blocks used by all computer programs. You can also click the tile labeled “Star Wars: Building a Galaxy with Code.” The most important takeaway from these tutorials is to understand that computer programs use code to literally and exactly tell the computer to execute a set of instructions.

      FIGURE 1-2: Write your first computer program with a gamelike tutorial using Angry Birds.

      Computer Science Education Week is an annual program dedicated to elevating the profile of computer science during one week in December. In the past, President Obama, Bill Gates, basketball player Chris Bosh, and singer Shakira, among others, have supported and encouraged people from the United States and around the world to participate.

Understanding What Coding Can Do for You

      Coding can be used to perform tasks and solve problems that you experience every day. The “everyday” situations in which programs or apps can provide assistance continue to grow at an exponential pace, but this was not always the case. The rise of web applications, Internet connectivity, and mobile phones inserted software programs into daily life, and lowered the barrier for you to become a creator, solving personal and professional problems with code.

      Eating the world with software

      In 2011, Marc Andreessen, creator of Netscape Navigator and now venture capitalist, noted that “software is eating the world.” He predicted that new software companies would disrupt existing tech companies at a rapid pace. Traditionally, code-powered software used on desktops and laptops had to first be installed, and then you had to supply data to the program. However, three trends have dramatically increased the use of code in everyday life:

      ❯❯ Web-based software: This software operates in the browser without requiring installation. For example, to check your email, you previously had to install an email client either by downloading the software or from a CD-ROM. Sometimes issues arose when the software wasn’t available for your operating system, or conflicted with your operating system version. Hotmail, a web-based email client, rose to popularity, in part, because it allowed users visiting www.hotmail.com to instantly check their email without worrying about installation issues or software incompatibility. Web applications increased consumer appetite to try more applications, and developers in turn were incentivized to write more applications.

      ❯❯ Internet broadband connectivity: Broadband connectivity has increased, providing a fast Internet connection to more people in the last few years than in the previous decade. Today more than 2 billion people can access web-based software, up from approximately 50 million only a decade ago.

      ❯❯ Mobile phones: Today’s smartphones bring programs with you wherever you go, and help supply data to programs. Many software programs became more useful when accessed on-the-go than when limited to a desktop computer. For instance, use of maps applications greatly increased thanks to mobile phones, which makes sense, because users need directions the most when lost, not just when planning a trip at home on the computer. In addition, through GPS technology, mobile phones are equipped with sensors that measure and supply data to programs like orientation, acceleration, and current location. Now instead of having to input all the data to programs yourself, mobile devices can help. For instance, a fitness application like RunKeeper doesn’t require you to input start and end times in order to keep track of your runs. You can press Start at the beginning of your run, and the phone will automatically track your distance, speed, and time.

      The combination of these trends have created software companies that have upended incumbents in almost every industry, especially those typically immune to technology. Here are some notable examples:

❯❯ Airbnb: Airbnb is a peer-to-peer lodging company that owns no rooms, yet books more nights than the Hilton and Intercontinental, the largest hotel chains in the world. (See Figure 1-3.)

      ❯❯ Uber: Uber is a car transportation company that owns no vehicles, books more trips, and has more drivers in the largest 200 cities than any other car or taxi service.

      ❯❯ Groupon: Groupon, the daily deals company, generated almost $1 billion after just two years in business, growing faster than any other company in history, let alone any other traditional direct marketing company.

      FIGURE 1-3: Airbnb booked 5 million nights after 3.5 years, and its next 5 million nights 6 months later.

      Coding on the job

      Coding can be useful in the workplace as well. Outside the technology sector, coding in the workplace is common for some professions like financial traders, economists, and scientists. However, for most professionals outside the technology sector, coding is just beginning to penetrate the workplace, and gradually starting to increase in relevance. Here are areas where coding is playing a larger role on the job:

      ❯❯ Advertising: Spend is shifting from print and TV to digital campaigns, and search engine advertising and optimization rely on keywords to bring visitors to websites. Advertisers who understand code see successful keywords used by competitors, and use that data to create more effective campaigns.

      ❯❯ Marketing: When promoting products, personalizing communication is one strategy that often increases results. Marketers who code can query customer databases and create personalized communications that include customer names and products tailored to specific interests.

      ❯❯ Sales: The sales process always starts with leads. Salespeople who code retrieve their own leads from web pages and directories and then sort and quantify those leads.

      Retrieving information by copying text on web pages and in directories is referred to as scraping.

      ❯❯ Design: After creating a web page or a digital design, designers must persuade other designers and eventually developers to actually program their drawings into a product. Designers who code can more easily bring their designs to life and can more effectively advocate for specific designs by creating working prototypes that others can interact with.

      ❯❯ Public relations: Companies constantly measure how customers and the public react to announcements and news. For instance, if a celebrity spokesperson for a company does or says something offensive, should the company dump the celebrity? Public relations people who code query social media networks like Twitter or Facebook and analyze hundreds of thousands of individual messages in order to understand market sentiment.

      ❯❯ Operations: Additional profit can be generated, in part, by analyzing a company’s costs. Operations people who code write programs to try millions of combinations in an attempt to optimize packaging methods, loading routines, and delivery routes.

      Scratching your own itch (and becoming rich and famous)

      Using code built by others and coding in the workplace may cause you to think of problems you personally face that you could solve with code of your own. You may have an idea for a social network website, a better fitness app, or something new altogether. The path from idea to functioning prototype used by others involves a good amount of time and work, but might be more achievable than you think. For example, take Coffitivity, a productivity website that streams ambient coffee shop sounds to create white noise. The website was created by two people who had just learned how to program