Модель Нового американского университета. Майкл Кроу

Science and Engineering Indicators: 2012 Digest. <www.nsf.gov/statistics/digestl2>.

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      Goldin C.D., Katz L.F. Race between Education and Technology… P. 3, 44–49.

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      Stiglitz J.E. The Price of Inequality: How Today’s Divided Society Endangers Our Future. N.Y.: W.W. Norton, 2012. P. 21–22.

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      Saez S. Striking It Richer: The Evolution of Top Incomes in the United States. 2013. September 3. <http://elsa.berkeley.edu/%7Esaez/saez-UStopin comes-2012.pdf>. Это исправленная версия статьи, опубликованной ранее, зимой 2008 г., Стэнфордским центром исследований бедности и неравенства; см. также: Piketty Т., SaezE. Income Inequality in the United States, 1913–1998 // Quarterly Journal of Economics 118. 2003. No. 1. P. 1–39; Lowrey A. The Rich Get Richer through the Recovery // New York Times. 2013. September 10.

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      Jaimovich N., Siu Н.Е. The Trend Is the Cycle: Job Polarization and Jobless Recoveries: NBER Working Paper No. 18334. 2012. August. P. 2, 7–9. <http:// www.nber.org/papers/wl8334>.

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      Autor D.H. The Polarization of Job Opportunities in the U.S. Labor Market: Implications for Employment and Earnings. Washington, DC: Center for American Progress, 2010. P. 9. См. также: Autor D.H., Katz L.F., Kearney M.S. The Polarization of the Labor Market // American Economic Review. 2006. Vol.96. No. 2. P. 189–194.

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      Stiglitz J.E. Price of Inequality… P. 9.

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      DeNavas-Walt С., Proctor B.D., Smith J.C. U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Reports, P60-243, Income, Poverty, and Health Insurance Coverage in the United States: 2011. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 2012; цит. no: Rampell C. Behind the Decline in Incomes // New York Times. 2012. September 12. <http://economix.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/09/12/ behind-the-decline-in-incomes/>.

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      В первую очередь см. отчет Центра Пью по штатам: Pew Center for the States / Pursuing the American Dream: Economic Mobility across Generations. Washington, DC: Economic Mobility Project, Pew Charitable Trusts. 2012.

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      Baum S., Ma J., Payea K. Education Pays, 2013: The Benefits of Higher Education for Individuals and Society. N.Y.: College Board. 2013. 34. Приводимые числа относятся к зачислениям в вузы всех институциональных типов, включая муниципальные колледжи двухгодичного цикла.

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      Bowen Е.М., Kurzweil М.А., Tobin W.G. Equity and Excellence in American Higher Education. P. 98–99. Fig. 5.2.

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      Mettler S. College, the Great Unleveler // New York Times. 2014. March 1.

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      Mortenson T.G. Bachelor’s Degree Attainment by Age 24 by Family Income Quartiles, 1970–2010. Oskaloosa, IA: Pell Institute for the Study of Opportunity in Higher Education, 2010.

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      Bailey M.J., Dynarski S.M. Gains and Gaps: Changing Inequality in U.S. College Entry and Completion: NBER Working Paper No. 17633. 2011. P. 4–5. <http://www.nber.org/papers/wl7633>.

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      Pursuing the American Dream. Economic Mobility Across Generations / The Pew Charitable Trusts. 2012. P. 2. <http://www.pewtrusts.org/en/research-and-analysis/reports/OOO 1/01/0 l/pursuing-the-american-dream>.

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      Isaacs J.B. Economic Mobility of Families across Generations // Getting Ahead or Losing Ground: Economic Mobility in America / ed. by J.B. Isaacs, I.V. Sawhill, R. Haskins. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution, 2012. P. 19. По их данным, среди выходцев из низшего доходного квинтиля 42 % так и остаются внизу, еще 42 % попадают лишь во второй или третий квинтили. «Лишь 17 % выходцев из низшего квинтиля удается перебраться в два верхних квинтиля». При этом среди детей, чьи родители достигли высшего квинтиля, 39 % остаются наверху, а 23 % сползают в более нижний квинтиль.

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      Economics of Higher Education / U.S. Departments of Treasury and Education. P. 15–16. Fig. 6.

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      Urahn S.K. et al. Pursuing the American Dream: Economic Mobility across Generations. Washington, DC: Pew Charitable Trusts, 2012. P. 25.

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      Isaacs J.B. Economic Mobility of Families… P. 19.

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      Карневале А.; цит. no: Edsall T.B. The Reproduction of Privilege // New York Times. 2012. March 12.

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      Carnevale A.P., Strohl J. How Increasing College Access Is Increasing Inequality… P.71.

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      Brooks D. The Education Gap // New York Times. 2005. September 25.

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      Ibid.; Reardon S.F. The Widening Academic Achievement Gap between the Rich and the Poor: New Evidence and Possible Explanations // Whither Opportunity? Rising Inequality, Schools, and Children’s Life Chances / ed. by G.J. Duncan, R.J. Murname. N.Y.: Russell Sage Foundation, 2011. P. 4–5.

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      Edsall Th. E. Reproduction of Privilege…//New York Times. 2012. March 12.

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      Leonhardt D. Top Colleges Largely for the Elite I I New York Times. 2011. May 24. Приведенные данные относятся к осени 2003 г.

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      Dreier R, Kahlenberg R.D. Making Top Colleges Less Aristocratic and More Meritocratic // New York Times. 2014. September 12.

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      Florida R. The Rise of the Creative Class: And How It Is Transforming Work, Leisure, Community, and Everyday Life. N.Y.: Basic Books, 2002 (рус. nep.: Флорида P. Креативный класс: люди, которые