Cremation of the Dead. Essie William

within a few yards of their residences, the ashes being put into a hole in the ground dug upon the exact spot where the burning took place, and a small thatched building erected over the grave, which is afterwards allowed to fall to pieces.76 The Khāsi Hill tribes also practise cremation of the dead, and the ashes are collected in an urn, and temporarily buried close by, until it is deemed proper to remove them to the family depository of the tribe.77 Some of the Aracan tribes of Further India also burn their dead, leaving at the place of cremation some packets of rice, a neglect of which custom is a bar to inheritance.78 And not only from remote Asia do instances of cremation come before us, but from America, where the practice was little suspected. Thus the Cocopa Indians there practise it to the present day, laying the body upon logs of mezquite wood, burning it, with the effects of the deceased, and placing the ashes in urns with peculiar ceremonies.79 The Digger Indians also burn their dead, the nearest relative collecting the ashes and mixing with them the gum of a tree. This they smear on their heads in evident imitation, one would suppose, of the Israelites when in mourning.80 I could quote numerous other examples of the practice of burning the dead, tracing them satisfactorily, I have reason to think, to sanitary motives. Some of the systems observed, however, are excessively puzzling; for instance, the triple treatment of the Singpho people, who embalm, burn, and bury in rotation. The bodies are first of all dried in coffins made for the purpose, whereupon the mummy is burnt, the ashes being deposited in mounds, which last are eventually covered over with conical roofs.81

      1

      The original proposer of this scheme was M. Rudler, who proposed it to Dr. Caffe, of Paris, in 1857.

      2

      Jamieson.

      3

      Ibid.

1

The original proposer of this scheme was M. Rudler, who proposed it to Dr. Caffe, of Paris, in 1857.

2

Jamieson.

3

Ibid.

4

Herodotus.

5

Cicero.

6

Pliny.

7

Canon Greenwell.

8

Jamieson.

9

Cremation is not opposed to Jewish doctrines. – 'Jewish Chronicle,' April 10, 1874.

10

Frazer.

11

'Iliad.'

12

'On the Causes of some Epidemics.' Glasgow, 1874.

13

'The plague-pit,' says the 'Lancet' of September 16, 1854, 'is situated within the area bounded by Argyll Place, King Street, Tyler Street, Little Marlborough Street being directly over the pit.'

14

H. W. Hemsworth.

15

Rolleston.

16

Tertullian.

17

Jamieson.

18

'Lancet.'

19

St. A. St. John.

20

Rev. J. Edkins.

21

The Earl of Shaftesbury once remarked to an eminent promoter of the present cremation movement, with regard to this very prevalent and erroneous notion, that it was altogether unreasonable. 'What,' said he, 'would in such a case become of the blessed martyrs?'

22

'I presume that it has been shown beyond doubt that the material particles which make up our bodies are in a constant state of flux, the entire physical nature being changed every seven years; so that if all the particles which once entered into the structure of a man of fourscore were reassembled, they would suffice to make seven or eight bodies.' – Rev. A. K. H. B.

23

Dean Stanley.

24

Ibid.

25

I. O. in 'Church Review.'

26

Cremation has already been made the subject of verse upon the Continent. Dr. Moretti, of Cannero, in the 'Annali di Chimica,' 1872, has given to the world some excellent verses; and Professor Polizzi, in a poem published at Girgenti, 1873, and dedicated to the memory of Dr. Salsi, has also eloquently apostrophised the subject. Some two-and-twenty stanzas in the Milanese dialect were published in 1874, by Civelli of Milan. I have also seen some German verses, signed 'Dranmor,' and a short but charming poem in the same language by Justinius Kerner. It is a matter of regret that those of our own poets who have been in favour of burning the dead did not enshrine their proclivities in verse. Southey, for instance, wrote that the custom of interment 'makes the idea of a dead friend more unpleasant. We think of the grave, corruption, and worms: burning would be better.' But he left us no poetry on the subject.

27

It forms no part of my purpose to defend cremation against those who consider that its practice might lead to the commission of crime owing to the entire destruction of the body. This and other objections have been suitably dealt with in the work of Sir Henry Thompson.

28

Crawfurd.

29

See Plate VI.

30

'Building News,' April 18, 1874.

31

Or All Souls' day. Some most touching scenes are witnessed in continental cemeteries on this occasion, more particularly in France and North Germany.

32

Potter.

33

See Plate V.

34

Jamieson.

35

Mr. Hemsworth has suggested an apparatus for the purpose.

36

Dr. Parkes, 'Practical Hygiene,' 4th edit. 1874.

37

'J. Arch. Soc.' vol. xvi.

38

The commissioners sent to report upon the state of the English graveyards in the year 1872 found no less than 130 cemeteries occupied by our dead. Forty-five of them contained no monuments, and 65 only headstones of the commonest kind. The French had gathered together some 28,000 of their dead, and formed one large campo santo. The English commission reported that it would require 5,000l. to put the graveyards in seemly order, and an annual expenditure of some 200l. more. It appears that the graves

76

Elliot.

77

Major Godwin-Austen.

78

St. A. St. John.

79

Professor Le Conte.

80

Chapman.

81

Griffiths.