Global development of geothermal energy. Roy Php

the state also sets increased tariffs for electricity from geoelectric power plants and takes on part of the risks of exploration drilling – there is a special fund and guarantee mechanism that subsidizes the geological exploration stage. USA As part of the new climate policy (Inflation Reduction Act, 2022), federal tax credits for geothermal projects have been expanded: geothermal investors can now receive Investment Tax Credit up to 30% of capital costs or Production Tax Credit ~$0.0275 per kWh of supplied energy. These incentives are comparable to incentives for wind and solar and are intended to revitalize the geothermal sector in the US, especially given EGS development plans. Kenya enjoys the support of international institutions – a mechanism was created with the participation of the World Bank and the African Union Geothermal Risk Mitigation Facility, reducing drilling risks through grants and insurance, which attracted investors to the Olkaria and Menengai projects. IN European Union geothermal projects can receive funding through innovative climate programs, and some countries (for example, Germany, France) provide subsidies or higher market tariffs for small-scale geothermal power plants and especially for pilot EGS plants. Japan after 2011, introduced a tariff of ~¥27—¥40/kWh (≈$0.20—0.30) for small geothermal plants to encourage investors to overcome local resistance and build new facilities. In developing countries of Latin America (Nicaragua, El Salvador, Dominica, etc.), the industry is actively attracting funds from multilateral development banks and donors, which co-finance geothermal plants and infrastructure for the direct use of heat. In general, without support mechanisms (subsidies, tax breaks, guarantees), geothermal energy is developing sluggishly, so the governments of leading leading countries are creating favorable conditions for investors in the industry.