English for psychologists. Оксана Вячеславовна Иванова

Reality (VR) Therapy: Using VR simulations to create safe and controlled environments for exposure therapy. VR therapy has been used to treat anxiety disorders, phobias, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).

      Neuroplasticity-Based Interventions: Enhancing brain plasticity through exercises or cognitive training. These interventions aim to improve cognitive function and reduce symptoms in conditions such as depression and schizophrenia.

      Psychedelics-Assisted Therapy: Utilizing psychedelic substances, such as psilocybin and LSD, under controlled conditions to facilitate therapeutic experiences. Studies suggest that psychedelics may have potential in treating depression, anxiety, and addiction.

      Digital Health Technologies: Leveraging smartphones, wearable devices, and online platforms to deliver mental health interventions. These technologies offer convenience, accessibility, and the ability to track progress remotely.

      Mindfulness-Based Interventions: Incorporating mindfulness techniques into therapeutic approaches. Mindfulness has been shown to reduce stress, improve emotion regulation, and enhance overall well-being.

      The development of these novel therapeutic approaches holds great promise for improving the lives of individuals with mental disorders. Researchers are actively conducting clinical trials to evaluate their efficacy and safety. These approaches have the potential to reshape the future of mental health treatment and offer new hope to millions.

      WORDLIST:

      approach – подход

      biomarker – биомаркер

      clinical trial – клиническое исследование

      cognitive function – когнитивная функция

      condition – состояние

      data – данные

      disorder – расстройство

      efficacy – эффективность

      evidence-based treatment – лечение, основанное на доказательствах

      exposure therapy – экспозиционная терапия

      intervention – вмешательство

      mindfulness – осознанность

      neuroplasticity – нейропластичность

      outcome – результат

      resilience – устойчивость

      response – реакция

      scale – масштаб

      therapeutic approach – терапевтический подход

      transform – преобразовывать

      treatment – лечение

      develop – разрабатывать

      enhance – улучшать

      evaluate – оценивать

      facilitate – содействовать

      improve – улучшать

      incorporate – включать

      personalize – персонализировать

      reduce – уменьшать

      refine – совершенствовать

      respond – реагировать

      tailor – адаптировать

      transform – преобразовывать

      evidence-based – основанный на доказательствах

      innovative – инновационный

      mindful – осознанный

      neuroplastic – нейропластичный

      personalized – персонализированный

      potential – потенциальный

      promising – перспективный

      resilient – устойчивый

      develop novel therapeutic approaches – разрабатывать новые терапевтические подходы

      provide hope to millions – давать надежду миллионам

      suffer from mental disorders – страдать психическими расстройствами

      improve mental health outcomes – улучшать результаты лечения психических заболеваний

      conduct clinical trials – проводить клинические исследования

      utilize genetic data – использовать генетические данные

      enhance brain plasticity – повышать нейропластичность мозга

      incorporate mindfulness techniques – включать техники осознанности

      facilitate therapeutic experiences – содействовать терапевтическому опыту

      UNIT 3

Neurobiological mechanisms of emotional regulation

      Emotional regulation refers to the ability to manage and control one's emotions, both positive and negative. It is an essential skill for maintaining mental health and well-being. Neurobiological research has helped to shed light on the mechanisms that underpin emotional regulation.

Neural Circuits Involved in Emotional Regulation

      The brain regions primarily involved in emotional regulation include:

      Prefrontal cortex (PFC):

      Responsible for cognitive control, decision-making, and managing impulsive behavior.

      Amygdala: Processes emotional information and initiates fear and anxiety responses.

      Hippocampus : Involved in memory consolidation and contextualizing emotional events.

      Insula: Detects bodily changes associated with emotions and generates subjective feelings.

Neurotransmitters and Emotional Regulation

      Neurotransmitters, such as dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine, play a crucial role in emotional regulation:

      Dopamine: Involved in reward processing and positive mood regulation.

      Serotonin: Regulates mood, sleep, and appetite.

      Norepinephrine: Facilitates alertness, focus, and energy.

Structural and Functional Connectivity

      The strength of connections between different brain regions is crucial for emotional regulation. For instance, stronger connections between the PFC and amygdala promote enhanced cognitive control. Likewise, reduced connectivity between the amygdala