Sustainable Nanotechnology. Группа авторов

and control of diseases. GNT‐based organ regeneration and lifespan expansion are also possible C: Use of GNT in health care may raise concern on regulation, transparency, patient privacy, consent, etc. 8 Hospitality industry O: Food preservation with original taste; self‐cleaning of floors, walls, fabrics, and furniture; bacteria‐repellant bathroom surfaces; bed sheets that resist wear and soil and adjust for comfort or a pillowcase that glows when a guest reads in bed C: Cost of technology during the initial investment time is certainly high 9 Insurance industry O: Insurance industry sees GNT as a big opportunity for its future survival and growth. Nanotechnology companies might adopt insurance coverage to reduce their risks and liability for new futuristic business in every industry sector C: The fundamental difficulty in making risk assessment unless quantifiable statistical data are readily available, and hence probability and severity are difficult to calculate 10 Print and media industry O: GNT has applications from printing inks to digital printing processes, videography, wearable audio recording devices, and high speed online electronic and optical communication device C: Slow technology transfer and higher cost for early entrants 11 Online services industry O: GNT supports online ubiquitous services through 5G and future 6G technology where it can offer audio, video, smell, taste, and touch feelings of products and services for online selections. Using smart and artificial intelligence‐enabled computers, mass customization of online services is possible C: Slow penetration to the market due to early breathing problems 12 Tourism industry O: GNT‐based attractive display screens at tourism centers, airports, and various other locations to provide quick information C: Cost factor until mass usage 13 Security services O: Tagging and tracking, monitoring, advancing sensors technology, improved RFID technology in body armor, combating fraud with nanoparticle‐based inks C: Integrating nanotechnology with ICCT for specific services 14 Coating services industry O: Coating service, based purely on nano coating on surfaces/devices for specific purposes C: Attractive for large scale coatings only based on cost–benefit analysis 15 Event management industry O: GNT‐based electronic decorations, waste management, food and beverage quality management, music service, clothing service, etc. C: Coordination with technology provider and event management team 16 Smart city services industry O: Green nanomaterial enabled the network to provide a backbone for smart city communications using 5G technology. Inclusion of nanotechnology in smart city solutions along with Information technology solutions, power plant, water treatment, road infrastructure, air pollution, etc. C: Delay in the realization of smart cities by governments in developed and developing countries

3.12 Green Nanotechnology in Quaternary Industry Sector

      The quaternary industry sector in the economy includes the activities based on the intellectual or knowledge‐based part of the economy. This sector is found in only most advanced countries in which through research and development, latest ICCT, and typically includes services such as information generation and sharing, information technology (communication and computing), consultation, education, research and development, and other knowledge‐based services supported by technology. The important ICCT underlying technologies which work with GNT to provide intelligent services are artificial intelligence, 3D printing, cloud computing, IoT, quantum computing, information storage technology, mobile business technologies, and online education technologies. GNT being general‐purpose technology of the twenty‐first century supports ICCT underlying technologies as another set of general‐purpose technologies to develop super‐intelligent machines and super‐human beings when these technologies get saturated [90].

3.13 Challenges in Managing Nanotechnology Innovations

NT offers a plethora of new materials for different industries and industry sectors. Though public perception is generally supportive of NT, some risk analysis of the potential long‐term effects of green routed manufactured nanomaterials in human food is required. In different industry sectors, the exposure risk would relate to different aspects and it is a challenge to the scientist and engineers as well as local governments while managing the NT innovations. This also needs to arrange some public awareness to explain the uses of NT by all industry sectors to explain the benefits and risks to the consumers. The exact number of available nanomaterials naturally available as well as man‐made in the environment including the oceans are not understood and the fate and behavior of manufactured nanomaterials in important systems, such as the oceans, are poorly understood. The design of nanomaterials should be according to the principles of GNT that would complement and support current regulations of the government and to address the predicted risk while fostering the sustainable development of NT as GT.

3.14 How Green Nanotechnology Is Different and Secured to Achieve All 17 Sustainable Development Goals of UN

While discussing about opportunities and challenges of GNT and nanomaterials as general‐purpose technology to solve many problems in the primary industry sector, secondary industry sector, tertiary industry sector, and quaternary industry sector, it is found that NT is a boon to mankind and gives incredible power to human beings to improve the comfortability and quality of life. While comparing the United Nations SDG with GNT opportunities, 12 goals out of 17 goals can be realized by using GNT. Five goals can be realized using ICCT underlying technologies and one goal of reduced inequalities among Countries is not directly related to technological innovations. The possibility of using GNT processes/NT systems in solving 17 goals of global sustainable development is shown in Table 3.8.

      The NT solutions in different industry sectors are planned by ensuring nanoscale materials are designed and developed with human health and the global environment in mind, and hence further fears on sustainability due to degradable environmental concerns are unnecessary for future years. To accelerate the development of GNT, countries should consider the following steps:

      1 Educating the people and entrepreneurs to create a supportive environment in society to accept new technology products.

      2 Assessment of GNT implications to gauge the trade‐off between benefits and constraints for nanoproducts and their existing counterparts.

      3 Develop