Essential Concepts in MRI. Yang Xia

      

Essential Concepts in MRI

      Physics, Instrumentation, Spectroscopy, and Imaging

      Yang Xia

      Oakland University

      Rochester, MI, USA

This edition first published 2022

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      Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Xia, Yang, 1955- author. Title: Essential concepts in MRI : physics, instrumentation, spectroscopy and imaging / Yang Xia, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, USA. Description: First edition. | Hoboken, NJ : John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2022. | Includes bibliographical references and index. Identifiers: LCCN 2021025868 (print) | LCCN 2021025869 (ebook) | ISBN 9781119798217 (paperback) | ISBN 9781119798231 (pdf) | ISBN 9781119798248 (epub) Subjects: LCSH: Magnetic resonance imaging. Classification: LCC RC78.7.N83 X53 2022 (print) | LCC RC78.7.N83 (ebook) | DDC 616.07/548--dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2021025868 LC ebook record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2021025869

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To my parents, and , for their unconditional love and unwavering support during the turbulent years when my sister, Xing , and I grew up in Shanghai, China, and to my two wonderful children, Aimee and Derek , for their love and friendship – it is so great to have you two in my life.

Contents

      1  Cover

      2  Title page

      3  Copyright

      4  Dedication

      5  Preface

      6 Chapter 1 Introduction1.1 Introduction1.2 Major Steps in an NMR or MRI Experiment, and Two Conventions in Direction1.3 Major Milestones in the History of NMR and MRI1.4 The Organization for a One-semester Course

      7 Part I Essential Concepts in NMRChapter 2 Classical Description of Magnetic Resonance2.1 Fundamental Assumptions2.2 Nuclear Magnetic Moment2.3 The Time Evolution of Nuclear Magnetic Moment2.4 Macroscopic Magnetization2.5 Rotating Reference Frame2.6 Spin Relaxation Processes2.7 Bloch Equation2.8 Fourier Transform and Spectral Line Shapes2.9 CW NMR2.10 Radio-frequency Pulses in NMR2.11 FT NMR2.12 Signal Detection in NMR2.13 Phases of the NMR SignalChapter 3 Quantum Mechanical Description of Magnetic Resonance3.1 Nuclear Magnetism3.2 Energy Difference3.3 Macroscopic Magnetization3.4 Measurement of the x Component of Angular Momentum3.5 Macroscopic Magnetization for Spin 1/23.6 Resonant Excitation3.7 Mechanisms of Spin RelaxationChapter 4 Nuclear Interactions4.1 Dipolar Interaction4.2 Chemical Shift Interaction4.3 Scalar Interaction4.4 Quadrupole Interaction4.5 Summary of Nuclear Interactions

      8 Part II Essential Concepts in NMR InstrumentationChapter 5 Instrumentation5.1 Magnets5.2 Radio-frequency Coil, Its Resonant Circuitry, and the Probe5.3 Frequency Management5.4 Transmitter5.5 Receiver5.6 Pulse Programmer and Computer5.7 Other ComponentsChapter 6 NMR Experimental6.1 Shimming6.2 Preparing Samples6.3 Pulse Sequences and FID6.4 Digitization Rate and Digital Resolution6.5 Dynamic Range6.6 Phase Cycling6.7 Data Accumulation6.8 Pre-FFT Processing Techniques6.9 Fast Fourier Transform6.10 Post-FFT