Successful Training in Gastrointestinal Endoscopy. Группа авторов

Figure 6.2 Rectal anatomy. Just inside the anal sphincter muscles, the denta...Figure 6.3 Endoscopic view of the rectum. This endoscopic view shows the sem...Figure 6.4 Endoscopic view of the transverse colon. The transverse colon is ...Figure 6.5 Endoscopic view of the hepatic flexure. At the splenic and hepati...Figure 6.6 Endoscopic view of the cecum. This view of the cecum demonstrates...Figure 6.7 Endoscope options. Four different endoscopes can be used for lowe...Figure 6.8 How to hold the scope. These images demonstrate the proper manner...Figure 6.9 Scope dials. The colonoscope's dials are shown here. The large in...Figure 6.10 Scope valves. The top “red” valve activates the scope's suction ...Figure 6.11 Trap in suction circuit. When a polyp is removed with a snare, a...Figure 6.12 Rectal intubation techniques. This illustration demonstrates the...Figure 6.13 Torque to change from horizontal to vertical. The two images dep...Figure 6.14 One‐handed technique. With the one‐handed advancement technique,...Figure 6.15 Two‐handed technique. With the two‐handed technique, the right h...Figure 6.16 Lumen identification. When the lumen cannot be readily identifie...Figure 6.17 Retroflex views in rectum. Retroflexion in the rectum allows for...Figure 6.18 Some examples of key colonic abnormalities that trainees should ...Figure 6.19 Snare polypectomy. When a snare is required to remove a polyp, t...Figure 6.20 Looping causing perforation. In this sigmoid loop, the scope is ...Figure 6.21 Force vector. In this illustration, the tip of the scope is defl...Figure 6.22 Sigmoid loop. As the scope makes multiple turns in the sigmoid c...Figure 6.23 Alpha‐loop. One of the most common types of sigmoid loop formati...Figure 6.24 N‐loop. The N‐loop is also a common type of loop formation in th...Figure 6.25 Reverse alpha‐loop. A reverse alpha‐loop follows a similar confi...Figure 6.26 Transverse colon loop. Like the sigmoid, the transverse colon is...Figure 6.27 Acute turn. When attempting to navigate an acute turn, novices w...Figure 6.28 Torque to open folds. When less acute turns are encountered, the...Figure 6.29 Terminal ileum intubation. To intubate the ileocecal valve, the ...Figure 6.30 Incorrect TI maneuver. Like the acute turns, novice endoscopists...Figure 6.31 A trainee using a virtual reality colonoscopy simulator.Figure 6.32 A static mechanical model, the colonoscopy Erlangen active simul...Figure 6.33 Ex vivo models. In these images, harvested animal models are lai...Figure 6.34 An endoscopist practices on an ex vivo bovine colon model.Figure 6.35 Learning curves. Mayo's colonoscopy skills assessment tool (MCSA...

      6 Chapter 7Figure 7.1 (a) Computerized EUS simulator (GI Mentor II, Simbionix Inc., Cle...Figure 7.2 EUS phantom images.Figure 7.3 (a) EASIE‐R EUS simulator. (b) Depicts a close‐up of the Easie‐R ...Figure 7.4 Depicts an EUS image produced from the EASIE‐R simulator.

      7 Chapter 8Figure 8.1 Using one finger to control the air and suction button allows eas...Figure 8.2 Holding the ERCP scope with two fingers on the air and suction bu...Figure 8.3 A combination of 12 different scope maneuvers to position the cat...Figure 8.4 Tip of the papillotome can be used to change the orientation of t...Figure 8.5 An inflated balloon inside the bile duct can be used as a pivot t...Figure 8.6 Image of the Neo‐papilla model (a) and its cartoon schematic (b)....Figure 8.7 (a) EMS (ERCP mechanical simulator) allows in vitro practices wit...Figure 8.8 The Italian ERCP simulator model.

      8 Chapter 9Figure 9.1 Small bowel capsule. Image courtesy of Olympus America Inc. and M...Figure 9.2 Upper gastrointestinal capsule. Medtronic, Inc.Figure 9.3 Colon capsule. Medtronic, Inc.Figure 9.4 Capsule endoscopy equipment (desktop computer, printer, recording...Figure 9.5 Jelly Bean test.Figure 9.6 PillCam™ patency capsule. Medtronic, Inc.Figure 9.7 AdvanCE^® device. Advanced Devices.Figure 9.8 Esophageal varices. Medtronic, Inc.Figure 9.9 Barrett’s esophagus. Medtronic, Inc.Figure 9.10 Suspected blood indicator (SBI). Medtronic, Inc.Figure 9.11 Study review in dual mode. Medtronic, Inc.Figure 9.12 Surface ulceration.Figure 9.13 Central umbilication.Figure 9.14 Lobulated mucosa.Figure 9.15 Bridging folds.

      9 Chapter 10Figure 10.1 The Discovery SB overtube used in spiral enteroscopy is shown (a...Figure 10.2 Small‐bowel adaptation of tabletop ex vivo porcine model capable...

      10 Chapter 11Figure 11.1 Close‐up of SpyScopeDS2^TM as it is attached to the duodenoscope....

      11 Chapter 12Figure 12.1 The “Erbostat”: the first electrosurgical generator produced by ...Figure 12.2 The first “Bovie” generator designed by Bovie and Cushing in 192...Figure 12.3 The integration of art and science in electrosurgery.Figure 12.4 The spectrum of impedance of human tissue.Figure 12.5 The spectrum of frequencies of electromagnetic waves.Figure 12.6 (a) Monopolar circuit. (b) Bipolar circuit.Figure 12.7 Electrosurgical incision: the electrode is surrounded by a layer...Figure 12.8 Four incisions in ex vivo muscle produced with increasing voltag...Figure 12.9 (a) Argon plasma coagulation. (b) Contact coagulation with high ...Figure 12.10 Snare resection of a benign adenoma of the major papilla in the...Figure 12.11 (a) Cartoon of sphincterotome in papilla and sphincterotomy inc...Figure 12.12 Current flowing through an argon plasma during treatment of GAV...

      12 Chapter 13Figure 13.1 Representative scout film obtained prior to ERCP. Note presence ...Figure 13.2 Fluoroscopic image in a patient with a mid‐to‐distal esophageal ...Figure 13.3 “Stricture‐gram” in a patient with colonic stenosis. Note narrow...Figure 13.4 Same patient as in Figure 13.3 following colonic stent placement...Figure 13.5 Representative fluoroscopic image obtained during a single‐ballo...Figure 13.6 Fluoroscopy during LAMS placement. (a) EUS access to a pancreati...

      13 Chapter 14Figure 14.1 Assessing competency in pediatric colonoscopy should rely on a s...

      14 Chapter 15Figure 15.1 Pit pattern classifications. (a) Type I: normal roundish pits. (...Figure 15.2 Lugol's iodine of squamous dysplasia showing white light on left...Figure 15.3 Squamous neoplasia in the esophagus demonstrating irregular dila...Figure 15.4 Narrowband images of Barrett's esophagus. (a) A nodular dysplasi...Figure 15.5 (a) Hyperplastic polyp white