Computational Geomechanics. Manuel Pastor

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Название Computational Geomechanics
Автор произведения Manuel Pastor
Жанр Физика
Серия
Издательство Физика
Год выпуска 0
isbn 9781118535301



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reworked, and updated, and new chapters have been added such as to cover essentially all the important aspects of computational soil mechanics.

      Chapter 4, essential before numerical approximation, deals with the very important matter of the quantitative description of soil behavior which is necessary for realistic computations. This chapter has been substantially rewritten such as to introduce new developments. It is necessarily long and devotes a large part to generalized plasticity and critical‐state soil mechanics and also includes a simple plasticity model. The generalized plasticity model is then extended to partially saturated soil mechanics. Presentation of alternative advanced models such as bounding surface models and hypoplasticity concludes the chapter.

      Chapter 5 addresses some special aspects of analysis and formulation such as far‐field solutions in quasi‐static problems, input for earthquake analysis and radiation damping, adaptive finite element requirements, the capture of localized phenomena, regularization aspects and stabilization for nearly incompressible soil behavior both in dynamics and consolidation permitting to use equal order interpolation for displacements and pressures.

      Chapter 6 presents applications to static problems, seepage, soil consolidation, hydraulic fracturing, and also examples of dynamic fracturing in saturated porous media. Validation of the predictions by dynamic experiments in a centrifuge is dealt with in Chapter 7.

      Chapter 8 is entirely devoted to application in unsaturated soils, including the dynamic analysis with a full two‐phase fluid flow solution, analysis of land subsidence related to exploitation of gas reservoirs, and initiation of landslides.

      We are indebted to many of our coworkers and colleagues and, in particular, we thank the following people who over the years have contributed to the work (in alphabetical order of their surnames):

       T. Blanc,

       G. Bugno,

       T.D. Cao,

       P. Cuéllar,

       S. Cuomo (MP),

       P. Dutto,

       E. González,

       B. Haddad,

       M.I. Herreros,

       Maosong Huang,

       E. Kakogiannou,

       M. Lazari,

       Chuan Lin,

       Hongen Li,

       Li Tongchun,

       Liu Xiaoqing,

       D. Manzanal,

       M. Martín Stickle

       A. Menin,

       J.A. Fernández Merodo,

       E. Milanese,

       P. Mira,

       M. Molinos,

       S. Moussavi,

       R. Ngaradoumbe Nanhornguè,

       P. Navas,

       T. Ni,

       Jianhua Ou,

       M. Passarotto,

       M.J. Pastor,

       C. Peruzzo,

       F. Pisanò,

       M. Quecedo,

       V. Salomoni,

       L. Sanavia,

       M. Sánchez‐Morles,

       R. Santagiuliana,

       R. Scotta,

       S. Secchi,

       Y. Shigeno,

       L. Simoni,

       C. Song,

       A. Yagüe,

       Jianhong Ye,

       M. Yoshizawa,

       H.W. Zhang.

      Finally, we would like to dedicate this edition to the memory of the Late Oleg Cecil Zienkiewicz. Without his inspiration and enthusiasm, we would not have undertaken the research work reported here. We would also like to thank our beloved Late Helen Zienkiewicz, wife of Professor Zienkiewicz, who kindly allowed us to celebrate Oleg’s decades of pioneering and research field defining achievements in computational geomechanics.

      Andrew H. C. Chan

      Manuel Pastor

      Bernhard A. Schrefler

      Tadahiko Shiomi

      Hobart, Madrid, Padua, Tokyo, January 2022

      1.1 Preliminary Remarks

      In the above collapse, the evident cause and the “straw that broke the camel’s back” was the filling and the subsequent drawdown of the reservoir. The phenomenon proceeded essentially in a static (or quasi‐static) manner until the last moment when the moving mass of soil acquired the speed of “an express train” at which point, it tumbled into the reservoir, displacing the water dynamically and causing an unprecedented death toll of some 4000 people from the neighboring town of Longarone.

      Such static failures which occur, fortunately at a much smaller scale, in many embankments and cuttings are subjects of typical concern to practicing engineers. However, dynamic effects such as those frequently caused by earthquakes are more spectacular and much more difficult to predict.