Anatomy and Physiology for Nursing and Healthcare Students at a Glance. Ian Peate

      The right of Ian Peate to be identified as the authors of this work has been asserted in accordance with law.

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       Library of Congress Cataloging‐in‐Publication Data applied for:

      Names: Peate, Ian, author.

      Title: Anatomy and physiology for nursing and healthcare students at a glance / Ian Peate.

      Other titles: Anatomy and physiology for nurses at a glance | At a glance series (Oxford, England)

      Description: 2nd edition. | Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell, 2022. | Series: At a glance series | Preceded by: Anatomy and physiology for nurses at a glance / Ian Peate, Muralitharan Nair. 2015. | Includes bibliographical references and index.

      Identifiers: LCCN 2022007589 (print) | LCCN 2022007590 (ebook) | ISBN 9781119757207 (paperback) | ISBN 9781119757214 (adobe pdf) | ISBN 9781119757221 (epub)

      Subjects: MESH: Anatomy | Physiological Phenomena | Handbook | Nurses Instruction

      Classification: LCC QP40 (print) | LCC QP40 (ebook) | NLM QS 39 | DDC 612.0076–dc23/eng/20220222

      LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2022007589

      LC ebook record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2022007590

      Cover Design: Wiley

      Cover Images: © SEBASTIAN KAULITZKI/Getty Images, PIXOLOGICSTUDIO/Getty Images

Preface

      I am delighted to have been asked to provide a second edition of Anatomy and Physiology for Nursing and Healthcare Students at a Glance. This popular revision aid has retained the user‐friendly approach that includes bite‐sized pieces of information and full‐colour diagrams that help students retain, recall and apply facts to their practice.

      All health and care providers aim to offer care that is safe and effective. In order to care effectively for people (sick or well), it is essential to have an understanding of and insight into anatomy and physiology.

      The human body is composed of organic and inorganic molecules organised at a variety of structural levels; despite this, an individual should be seen and treated in a holistic manner. If the healthcare professional is to provide appropriate and timely care, it is essential that they are able to recognise illness, take prompt action to deliver effective treatment and refer appropriately, ensuring that the person they offer care and support to is at the centre of all that they do.

      Healthcare professionals are required to demonstrate a sound knowledge of anatomy and physiology with the intention of providing safe and effective nursing care. This is often assessed as a part of a programme of study using a number of assessment techniques. The overall aim of this concise text is to provide an overview of anatomy and physiology and the related biological sciences that can help to develop your practical skills and improve your knowledge with the aim of you becoming a caring, knowledgeable and compassionate provider of care. It is anticipated that you will be able to deliver increasingly complex care for the people you care for when you understand how the body functions.

      As you begin to appreciate how people respond or adapt to pathophysiological changes and stressors, you will be able to understand that people (regardless of their age) all have unique biological needs. The integration and application of evidence‐based theory to practice is a key component of effective and safe healthcare. However, this goal cannot be achieved without an understanding of anatomy and physiology.

      An additional chapter has been introduced, Anatomical Terms, emphasising the importance of understanding and using the correct anatomical terminology when making a description of body parts as a shared method of communicating between health and care staff. This new edition also includes clinical practice points which aim to encourage readers to relate the theoretical concepts described to practice.

      Anatomy is associated with the function of a living organism and as such it is almost always inseparable from physiology. Physiology is the science dealing with the study of the function of cells, tissues, organs and organisms; it is the study of life.

       Ian Peate London

Abbreviations

      ACTH Adrenocorticotrophic hormoneADH Antidiuretic hormoneANPAtrial natriuretic peptideANSAutonomic nervous systemATPAdenosine triphosphateAVAtrioventricularBBBBlood–brain barrierBPBlood pressureCa²⁺CalciumCCKCholecystokininClChlorideCNSCentral nervous systemCRHCorticotrophin‐releasing hormoneCSFCerebrospinal fluidCO₂Carbon dioxideCRCCardioregulatory centreCSFCerebrospinal fluidDNADeoxyribonucleic acidEPOErythropoietinFSHFollicle‐stimulating hormoneGHGrowth hormoneGHRIFGrowth hormone release‐inhibiting factorH⁺ HydrogenH₂OWaterHbHaemoglobinHCGHuman chorionic gonadotrophinHCLHydrochloric acidHRHeart rateK⁺ PotassiumkPaKilopascalMg²⁺ MagnesiummmHgMillimetres of mercurymRNAMessenger ribonucleic acidNa⁺ SodiumNH₃ AmmoniaO₂ OxygenPCAPosterior cerebral arteryPCO₂ Partial pressure of carbon dioxidePCTProximal convoluted tubulepHA measure of the acidity or basicity of an aqueous solutionPNSParasympathetic nervous systemPO₂ Partial pressure of oxygenPRHProlactin‐releasing hormoneRBCRed blood cellRERRough endoplasmic reticulumRNARibonucleic acidrRNARibosomal ribonucleic acidSASinoatrialSERSmooth endoplasmic reticulumSNSSympathetic nervous systemtRNATransfer ribonucleic acidTSHThyroid‐stimulating hormoneWBCWhite blood cell

Acknowledgements