Management of Complications in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. Группа авторов

Fig. 3.25. (a, b) Zygomatic implant placed into right infratemporal fossa.Fig. 3.26. (a, b) Following implant removal and replacement to engage the zy...

      4 Chapter 4Fig. 4.1. (a) A 3D CT reconstruction of the craniomaxillofacial skeleton of ...Fig. 4.2. (a) A laser scan of a patient with missing data (black arrow). (b)...Fig. 4.3. An axial view of a bone window of a preoperative CT in a patient w...Fig. 4.4. (a, b) An SLA model not cleaned and sterilized per manufacturer's ...Fig. 4.5. (a) An eight‐month‐old male with isolated nonsyndromic metopic cra...Fig. 4.6. A patient planned for a secondary reconstruction of the zygoma and...Fig. 4.7. A panorex is reconstructed from the CBCT.Fig. 4.8. STL and DICOM files are merged.Fig. 4.9. A virtual crown is placed. If maxillary and mandibular STL files a...Fig. 4.10. The software allows the surgeon to specify the dimensions of the ...Fig. 4.11. Patterns on the handpiece and patient tracker are registered with...Fig. 4.12. (a) An example of dynamic navigation being used for implant place...Fig. 4.13. The graphic user interface. The blue dot in the middle of the upp...Fig. 4.14. (a) A photograph taken at time of dental implant placement. (b) T...Fig. 4.15. Demonstration of how small deviations in the X‐clip position can ...Fig. 4.16. An example of an X‐clip that rocked at the time of surgery. A sys...Fig. 4.17. A good system check and accuracy is verified since the cusp tip i...Fig. 4.18. An example of subtle blurring and streaking that occurred across ...

      5 Chapter 5Fig. 5.1. Complex soft tissue injury. Primary repair is both feasible and pr...Fig. 5.2. Three‐year‐old child involved in “mauling” injury from dog. (a) Bi...Fig. 5.3. Forty‐three‐year‐old woman involved in a knife assault. (a) Preope...Fig. 5.4. House‐Brackmann scale of facial function. (a) Outline. (b) Facial ...Fig. 5.5. Five‐year‐old girl with a deep laceration of the cheek, proximal t...Fig. 5.6. Fifty‐eight‐year‐old with complex through‐and‐through eyelid injur...Fig. 5.7. Technique for medial ectropion repair. (a) “C‐shaped” incision. (b...Fig. 5.8. Lower eyelid ectropion with increased scleral show.Fig. 5.9. Denonvilliers Z‐plasty for lateral lower eyelid ectropion.Fig. 5.10. Lateral ectropion. (a) Exposure keratopathy with secondary conjun...Fig. 5.11. Right lower lid entropion following transconjunctival approach to...Fig. 5.12. Principles of rigid internal fixation of the mandible. (a) Load‐s...Fig. 5.13. Malunion of untreated bilateral mandibular angle fractures. (a) L...Fig. 5.14. Inadequate fixation resulting in infection and nonunion. (a) Nonb...Fig. 5.15. (a) Panoramic radiograph demonstrating a failed attempt at closed...Fig. 5.16. Bilateral mandibular fractures with facial widening. (a) Preopera...Fig. 5.17. Facial asymmetry related to undertreated “double unilateral” mand...Fig. 5.18. Fifteen‐year‐old male with bilateral mandibular condyle fractures...Fig. 5.19. Risk factors for unfavorable results for the management of mandib...Fig. 5.20. The postulated theory behind TMJ ankylosis and facial fractures i...Fig. 5.21. Potential complications related to frontal sinus fractures.Fig. 5.22. Fifty‐two‐year‐old male with chronic frontal sinusitis 12 years f...Fig. 5.23. Periorbital cellulitis secondary to pansinusitis. (a) Preoperativ...Fig. 5.24. Pott’s Puffy tumor.Fig. 5.25. Axial CT image of patient with frontal skull fracture and epidura...Fig. 5.26. Cavernous sinus thrombosis. (a) Initial presentation. (b) Progres...Fig. 5.27. Coronal CT image of patient with anterior skull base fractures co...Fig. 5.28. Evaluation of computer based area and volume measurement from cor...Fig. 5.29. Nine‐year‐old with “trap door” blow‐out fracture of the orbital f...Fig. 5.30. Configuration in the fractured orbit. Top: normally, orbital cont...Fig. 5.31. Importance of reconstructing the critical orbital bulges. (a) Eno...Fig. 5.32. Factors leading to difficulty identifying and accurately reconstr...Fig. 5.33. Transconjunctival approach to the orbit. Rather than a preseptal ...Fig. 5.34. “Shattered orbit” with inadequate restoration of orbital volume a...Fig. 5.35. Importance of the zygoma for achieving normal facial width and sy...Fig. 5.36. “Bowing” of the zygomatic arch (green) resulting in widening of t...Fig. 5.37. Globe rupture.Fig. 5.38. Relative indications for surgical decompression of the optic nerv...Fig. 5.39. Telecanthus following repair of an NOE fracture.Fig. 5.40. “Saddle nose” deformity prior to repair of an NOE fracture.Fig. 5.41. Endonasal synechiae.Fig. 5.42. Inadequate reduction of Le Fort I fracture resulting in anterior ...Fig. 5.43. Facial widening after inadequate reduction, stabilization, and fi...Fig. 5.44. Transverse temporal bone fracture.Fig. 5.45. Postoperative hemorrhage following tracheostomy.

      6 Chapter 6Fig. 6.1. Complications by osteotomy location.Fig. 6.2. Preoperative, perioperative, and postoperative complication time f...Fig. 6.3. Possible intraoperative anesthesia‐related complications.Fig. 6.4. (a) Segmental maxillary osteotomy. (b) Intraoperative dusky appear...Fig. 6.5. Persistent oronasal fistula following segmental maxillary surgery....Fig. 6.6. (a) Inadvertent maxillary fracture of the palatal shelf during Le ...Fig. 6.7. (a) Postoperative persistent ecchymosis and bleeding requiring ang...Fig. 6.8. (a) Lateral cephalograph showing overpenetration of genioplasty pi...Fig. 6.9. Vertical ramus osteotomy with overrotation of the proximal segment...Fig. 6.10. (a) 3D CT scan showing the medial horizontal osteotomy of a sagit...Fig. 6.11. (a) Buccal plate fracture of the proximal segment. (b) High bucca...Fig. 6.12. (a) Panorex showing multiple bad splits of the mandible requiring...Fig. 6.13. 3D CT showing significant proximal segment lateral torque followi...Fig. 6.14. (a) Panorex showing hardware failure with plate fracture on the r...Fig. 6.15. Postoperative complications based upon time frame following ortho...Fig. 6.16. Facial markings with vertical and roll lines.Fig. 6.17. The results of malpositioning of temporomandibular joint. (a) Cli...Fig. 6.18. (a–c) Lateral cephalogram and 3DCT showing the large open bite fr...

      7 Chapter 7Fig. 7.1. Dolls and skull models with DO devices used for demonstration purp...Fig. 7.2. (a) Patient with left hemifacial microsomia; (b) incorrect vector ...Fig. 7.3. Surgical plan using computer software (Ostoplan, 3D Slicer). The l...Fig. 7.4. Intraoperative view of two different cases.Fig. 7.5. Patient who had bilateral mandibular intraoral DO complained of pa...Fig. 7.6. Patient after extensive maxillary and mandibular trauma with a def...Fig. 7.7. Patient after bilateral mandibular DO. (a) On the right side, the ...Fig. 7.8. Patient after left unilateral DO, who complained about pain and ma...Fig. 7.9. Patient after an extraoral DO procedure, who developed infection a...Fig. 7.10. Patient with Nager syndrome, who underwent bilateral mandibular D...

      8 Chapter 8Fig. 8.1. Virtual fabrication of cutting guide capturing the genial tubercle...Fig. 8.2. Salvage of fractured bony segment with attached genioglossus by fi...Fig. 8.3. Anatomical position of the hyoepiglottic ligament in relation to t...Fig. 8.4. Lateral cephalometric radiograph exhibiting loss of fixation of on...Fig. 8.5. Mandibular osteotomy with a back‐cut posterior to the lingula with...Fig. 8.6. Preoperative panoramic radiograph of 56‐year‐old male with impacte...Fig. 8.7. Postoperative panoramic radiograph showing fixation of bad left ma...Fig. 8.8. Early postoperative malocclusion unable to be corrected with elast...Fig. 8.9. Lateral cephalometric radiograph of early postoperative malocclusi...Fig. 8.10. Fractured maxillary plate from MMA.Fig. 8.11. Replacement fixation for failed maxillary hardware.Fig. 8.12. Failed maxillary hardware after MMA.Fig. 8.13. Panoramic radiograph exhibiting loss of fixation and nonunion of ...Fig. 8.14. Lateral cephalometric radiograph exhibiting loss of projection an...Fig. 8.15. Panoramic radiograph following definitive rigid fixation treatmen...

      9 Chapter 9Fig. 9.1. Four‐month‐old baby following lip–nose repair. This child develope...Fig. 9.2 Nine‐year‐old boy with left unilateral cleft lip and palate. Note h...Fig. 9.3. Teenage boy with a left unilateral cleft lip and palate. Note the ...Fig. 9.4. Six‐year‐old boy with bilateral cleft lip and palate. Note the wid...Fig. 9.5. Two‐year‐old girl with a right unilateral complete cleft lip and p...Fig. 9.6. Four‐year‐old boy with right unilateral cleft lip and palate. Note...Fig. 9.7. Five‐year‐old girl with a left‐sided unilateral cleft lip and pala...Fig. 9.8. (a) Unilateral cleft of the primary and secondary palates is shown...Fig. 9.9. (a) Complete cleft of the secondary palate (both hard and soft) is...Fig. 9.10.