Practical Cardiovascular Medicine. Elias B. Hanna

1.5 Prognosis of NSTEMI.Table 1.6 Angiographic findings in NSTE-ACS and rates of revascularization.⁵...Table 1.7 Comparison of the three oral ADP-receptor antagonists.Table 1.8 Comparison of anticoagulants.

      2 Chapter 2Table 2.1 Limitations and contraindications of fibrinolysis.Table 2.2 Revascularization timelines in STEMI.Table 2.3 STEMI TIMI risk score.Table 2.4 Differential diagnosis of shock in MI.

      3 Chapter 3Table 3.1 Indications for stress imaging, as opposed to plain treadmill stre...Table 3.2 Risk stratification with stress testing.Table 3.3 Reasons for superiority of CABG vs. PCI.Table 3.4 Variables analyzed in surgical risk scores (STS and EuroSCORE).Table 3.5 CAD mortality.Table 3.6 Causes and histology of SVG failure.

      4 Chapter 4Table 4.1 Reduction of ventricular volume improves cardiac output through f...Table 4.2 Acute HF therapy according to volume status and peripheral perfusi...Table 4.3 Diagnosis of the underlying mechanism of RV failure and tricuspid ...

      5 Chapter 6Table 6.1 Severity of MS.Table 6.2 Classification of AS severity.Table 6.3 Causes of low-gradient AS (AVA ≤ 1 cm² with a mean gradient < 40 m...Table 6.4 Causes of AVA > 1 cm² with a mean gradient > 40 mmHg.Table 6.5 Auscultation features

      6 Chapter 7Table 7.1 Exam findings in HOCM versus AS.Table 7.2 Athlete’s heart vs. HOCM.

      7 Chapter 8Table 8.1 Summary of the approach to wide QRS complex tachycardia.Table 8.2 Management of an acutely presenting, hemodynamically stable AF or ...Table 8.3 Management of focal atrial tachycardia.

      8 Chapter 9Table 9.1 Risk of sudden death and cardiac events in patients with long QT s...

      9 Chapter 10Table 10.1 Factors predisposing to atrial fibrillation.Table 10.2 Cases in which a rhythm-control strategy should be consideredTable 10.3 Risk factors associated with failure of direct-current cardiover...Table 10.4 Dosage of the drugs used for acute rate control.Table 10.5 Stroke risk in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation no...Table 10.6 Major bleeding risk associated with HAS-BLED risk score in patie...Table 10.7 Rate control of AF with or without HF.Table 10.8 Non-Vitamin K oral anticoagulants (NOACS, also called DOACs: dir...

      10 Chapter 12Table 12.1 Electrocardiographic localization of the AP.

      11 Chapter 13Table 13.1 Effect of atropine and exercise on AV block.Table 13.2 Differential diagnosis of a regular, non-tachycardic (<100 bpm) n...Table 13.3 Differential diagnosis of a regular, non-tachycardic wide complex...

      12 Chapter 16Table 16.1 Differentiation of various mechanisms of arrhythmias.

      13 Chapter 17Table 17.1 Comparison of hemodynamic findings in constrictive pericarditis, ...Table 17.2 The three most important recordings in the hemodynamic assessment...Table 17.3 Echocardiographic differentiation between constrictive pericardit...

      14 Chapter 19Table 19.1 Differential diagnosis: arterial claudication, neurologic claudi...Table 19.2 Acute limb ischemia vs. critical limb ischemia.Table 19.3 Types of lower extremity ulcers.Table 19.4 Classification of PAD severity based on ABI.Table 19.5 Highlights of the TransAtlantic InterSociety Consensus (TASC) cl...Table 19.6 Management of lower extremity ulcers.Table 19.7 High-risk features for CEA and carotid stenting.Table 19.8 Signs of advanced renal parenchymal disease and signs of functio...

      15 Chapter 20Table 20.1 Types of endoleaks.

      16 Chapter 21Table 21.1 Risk factors for PE/DVT.Table 21.2 Duration of long-term anticoagulation.

      17 Chapter 22Table 22.1 Hemodynamic findings in the four different types of shock.Table 22.2 Causes of cardiogenic shock.Table 22.3 General indications for transfusion in critically ill or ACS pat...

      18 Chapter 23Table 23.1 Situations that warrant workup for secondary HTN. Table 23.2 Causes of secondary hypertension. Table 23.3 Basic workup for any HTN.Table 23.4 Specific workup when secondary HTN is suspected.Table 23.5 Treatment in specific settings.

      19 Chapter 25Table 25.1 Classification of severity of pulmonary hypertension.

      20 Chapter 26Table 26.1 Features that suggest seizure rather than syncope.Table 26.2 Clinical clues to the diagnosis of syncope.^2–5,8 Table 26.3 ECG or rhythm monitor findings suggestive of cardiac syncope.Table 26.4 Types of response to tilt table testing.

      21 Chapter 27Table 27.1 Causes of chest pain.Table 27.2 Causes of acute dyspnea.Table 27.3 Diagnostic features of palpitations (duration, onset/offset, reg...Table 27.4 Workup of palpitations.

      22 Chapter 30Table 30.1 Echocardiographic features allowing the differential diagnosis o...Table 30.2 Cardiovascular drugs and pregnancy.

      23 Chapter 31Table 31.1 Differential diagnosis of ST-segment depression and/or T-wave in...Table 31.2 Differential diagnosis of ST-segment elevation.Table 31.3 Localization of anterior MI.Table 31.4 Differentiate RCA from LCx in inferior MI.

      24 Chapter 32Table 32.1 Severe valvular regurgitation.Table 32.2 Severe valvular stenosis: severe AS, including low-gradient AS, a...Table 32.3 Pitfalls of E/E’ in the evaluation of LA pressure.Table 32.4 Beside the occluder profile, four causes of pressure gradient acr...Table 32.5 Echocardiographic differentiation between a physiologically high ...Table 32.6 Echocardiographic differentiation between a physiologically high ...

      25 Chapter 33Table 33.1 Clinical probability of CAD.Table 33.2 Standard Bruce treadmill protocol.Table 33.3 High-risk stress ECG and Duke Treadmill Score (DTS).Table 33.4 Sensitivity and specificity of various stress testsTable 33.5 Risk stratification with stress testing.Table 33.6 Indications to stop the stress test.Table 33.7 Factors that reduce the sensitivity and specificity of any stress...

      26 Chapter 36Table 36.1 Correlation between LVEDP and mean PCWP.Table 36.2 Fick equation.Table 36.3 Normal exertional values of PCWP, PA pressure, and cardiac outpu...

      27 Chapter 38Table 38.1 Risk factors for stent thrombosis.Table 38.2 Recurrent target vessel disease/angina after stenting.Table 38.3 Peri-PCI antithrombotic therapy.Table 38.4 Causes of lack of appropriate pressure augmentation.

      List of Illustrations

      1 Chapter 1Figure 1.1 Diagnosis and types of myocardial infarction.Figure 1.2 Kinetics of troponin release. Troponin rises above MI cutoff at 2...Figure 1.3 0/1-hour or 0/2-hour ESC algorithm using hs-troponin in patients ...Figure 1.4 Platelet receptors and antiplatelet mechanisms of action.Cycloo...Figure 1.5 Specific effects of the four anticoagulants.A heparin derivativ...Figure 1.6 Summary of anticoagulant use in NSTE-ACS,