Practical Cardiovascular Medicine. Elias B. Hanna

K oral anticoagulants Appendix 5. Bridging anticoagulation in patients undergoing procedures Appendix 6. Management of elevated INR values Appendix 7. Left atrial appendage surgical and percutaneous closure Appendix 8. A common situation: AF and symptomatic pauses or bradycardia Appendix 9. DC cardioversion in patients with a slow ventricular response Appendix 10. AF occurring post-cardiac surgery and AF related to acute transient triggers Appendix 11. Brief asymptomatic runs of AF on device interrogation and association with stroke. Role of rhythm monitoring after cryptogenic stroke QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS References 11 Atrial Flutter and Atrial Tachycardia I. Atrial flutter II. Focal atrial tachycardia III. Multifocal atrial tachycardia (MAT) (or chaotic atrial tachycardia) IV. Ectopic atrial rhythm QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS References Further reading 12 Atrioventricular Nodal Reentrant Tachycardia, Atrioventricular Reciprocating Tachycardia, Wolff–Parkinson–White Syndrome, and Junctional Rhythms QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS Further reading 13 Bradyarrhythmias QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS References 14 Permanent Pacemaker and Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator Appendix. Cases of PM troubleshooting QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS References Note 15 Basic Electrophysiologic Study I. General concepts; intracardiac electrograms II. AV conduction abnormalities III. Sinus node assessment IV. Ventricular vs. supraventricular tachycardia V. Dual AV nodal pathways VI. AVNRT VII. Accessory pathway, orthodromic AVRT, antidromic AVRT VIII. Atrial flutter IX. Inducible VT X. Mapping for ablation XI. EP electro-anatomical mapping Further reading 16 Action Potential Features and Propagation I. Action potential (see Figures 16.1, 16.2) II. Action potential propagation and mechanisms of arrhythmias III. General mechanism of action of antiarrhythmic agents IV. Modulated receptor hypothesis and use dependence V. Concept of concealed conduction VI. Specific examples of drugs (see also Chapter 10) VII. Amiodarone toxicity VIII. Effect on pacing thresholds and defibrillation thresholds Further reading

      13  Part 6: PERICARDIAL DISORDERS 17 Pericardial Disorders 1. ACUTE PERICARDITIS 2. TAMPONADE 3. PERICARDIAL EFFUSION 4. CONSTRICTIVE PERICARDITIS QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS References Further reading

      14  Part 7: CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE Chapter 18: Congenital Heart Disease 1. ACYANOTIC CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE 2. CYANOTIC CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE 3. MORE COMPLEX CYANOTIC CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE AND SHUNT PROCEDURES QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS References

      15  Part 8: PERIPHERAL ARTERIAL DISEASE 19 Peripheral Arterial Disease 1. LOWER EXTREMITY PERIPHERAL ARTERIAL DISEASE I. Clinical tips II. Clinical classification of PAD – Critical limb ischemia, acute limb ischemia, atheroembolization III.