Introduction to TESOL. Kate Reynolds

3: Language of Mathematics;

      Standard 4: Language of Science; and

      Standard 5: Language of Social Studies.

      WIDA provides professional development opportunities for educators in using their standards in curricular and lesson planning and developing instructional techniques in areas, such as creating a welcoming environment for ELLs, teaching academic vocabulary, and teaching for comprehension. Its self-paced e-workshops range in topics from engaging newcomer multilingual learners to developing language for learning in math, foundational concepts, and leading for equity.

      WIDA has influenced education practices worldwide with its “can do” descriptors, which highlight what a language learner can do with speaking, listening, reading, and writing when they are at a specific grade and proficiency level. For example, a student in grades 4–5 at proficiency level 3 can explain clear sequential procedures to peers and compare data or information (WIDA, 2016) (for more detail, see https://wida.wisc.edu/teach/can-do/descriptors).

      Initially, WIDA developed a standardized assessment of ELLs’ academic language based on the standards, called the ACCESS test. The organization later developed placement-screening assessments. It conducts professional development for educators wishing to help ELLs prepare for the assessment and those interested in learning to administer it.

      WIDA offers a conference in October annually in various cities in North America for educators to learn from each other about WIDA’s resources. Internationally, it offers institutes, symposiums, and workshops. School districts and schools can arrange for a WIDA-prepared facilitator to conduct a workshop on topics such as differentiation, classroom action research, educator collaboration, formative language assessment, and purposeful lesson planning.

      National and regional organizations

Other professional organizations TESOL and Applied Linguistics educators engage with are based on their specific interests, needs, and location/learner population. Here are some other organizations you may consider for professional development opportunities.

      Organizations emphasizing foreign language perspectives

       American Council of Teachers of Foreign Languages (ACTFL, https://www.actfl.org)—ACTFL is oriented to the teaching of world languages such as Chinese, Spanish, or Russian. As you now know, English is the foreign language in some locations. The organization is known for developing the first proficiency guidelines to determine an individual’s speaking ability in the target language. It has subsequently developed writing proficiency guidelines as well. It offers professional development such as an annual convention in November, oral proficiency interview (OPI) test preparation for teachers, publications, and advocacy engagement. The OPI test proctor preparation is thorough and highly valued by education programs. It has books on topics such as assessing language performance and language processing in our brains. The organization is also engaged with advocacy to raise public awareness of the benefits of additional language learning; on the website you can find advocacy resources and position statements.

       Council of Europe (https://www.coe.int/en/web/portfolio/home)—The Council of Europe created a set of proficiency guidelines that are employed widely throughout Europe, the Middle East, and South America. The proficiency guidelines are called the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages: Learning, Teaching, and Assessment (CEFR). Professionals in areas that utilize the CEFR will refer to learners’ proficiency levels simply by the level (A, B, C) and stage (A1, A2, B1, B2, C1, and C2). The CEFR helps instructors to orient their lessons to the proficiency level(s) of their students. You can read more about the CEFR at https://www.coe.int/en/web/common-european-framework-reference-languages/level-descriptions. The Council of Europe also offers tools for developing curricula, designing programs with reference to the CEFR, aligning instruction to the CEFR, and research to better understand language teaching and learning. Many other schools, school districts, and language schools utilize the CEFR and have developed resources that work within the CEFR, which can be found online.

      Organizations emphasizing second language perspectives

       Center for Applied Linguistics (CAL, https://www.cal.org)—CAL is “a nonprofit organization promoting access, equity and mutual understanding for linguistically and culturally diverse people around the world” (CAL, 2019). With the broad mission to work on topics related to both ELLs and world language learners, the organization conducts and distributes research on all topics related to the study, instruction, and assessment of additional languages. For example, it has projects on heritage language learners of English, parent engagement, cultural orientation, academic learning of ELLs, vocabulary instruction, and language policy. Resources it provides include brief reports and digests (free and downloadable), books, and teacher preparation materials on video. On the website, you will also find links to over 100 organizations and foundations related to learning/teaching/assessing language and understanding culture.

       The Office of English Language Acquisition (OELA, https://www2.ed.gov/about/offices/list/oela/index.html)—OELA is part of the US Department of Education. Its goal is to “provides national leadership to help ensure that English Learners and immigrant students attain English proficiency and achieve academic success” (OELA, 2020). OELA also strives to support heritage language learners and bilingual, multicultural learners. It offers reports and research to help educators and lawmakers to guide educational policy decisions in additional to providing free tool kits for teachers working with English learners, families, and newcomer ELLs. OELA works closely with the National Clearinghouse for English Language Acquisition (NCELA, https://www.ncela.ed.gov), which funds and disseminates educational research on second language acquisition and learning. NCELA offers an online searchable library with over 20,000 resources that range from curricula to classroom materials and reports, fact sheets, and multimedia products. OELA offers an annual conference for recipients of the National Professional Development grants, which fund teacher preparation to work with ELLs and research on second language acquisition and learning.

       Colorín Colorado (www.colorincolorado.org)—Colorín Colorado is a relative newcomer to the field, but the organization has had a substantial impact on teachers of ELLs by offering practical, readily accessible instructional materials for immediate classroom use. Their goal is to provide resources for educators and parents on their bilingual (Spanish–English) website. For TESOL professionals, they offer streaming videos, articles, and resources that branch from ELL strategies and best practices to the specific practices themselves (e.g., lesson planning for ELLs includes selecting vocabulary, using graphic organizers, prereading a text, and writing content and language objectives), for example. In the ELL strategies and best practices section alone, there are nine overarching topics each with several concepts to be explored. The organization provides free book lists for different age groups, webcasts, and videos. Its resource library includes toolkits, policy information, research reports, and web resources. It also has recommendations for parents who are trying to help their child to read, supporting their child in their learning process, learning at home, raising bilingual children, and making informed choices when their child needs extra support.

      Organizations emphasizing bilingual and multilingual instruction

       Center for Advanced Research on Language Acquisition (CARLA, http://carla.umn.edu/index.html) CARLA is a leader in research on multilingual and multicultural learning.