Magma Redox Geochemistry. Группа авторов

Moretti, Roberto, editor. | Neuville, Daniel R., editor.

      Title: Magma redox geochemistry / Roberto Moretti, Daniel R. Neuville, editors.

      Description: Hoboken, NJ : Wiley‐American Geophysical Union, [2022] | Series: Geophysical monograph series | Includes index.

      Identifiers: LCCN 2021027133 (print) | LCCN 2021027134 (ebook) | ISBN 9781119473251 (cloth) | ISBN 9781119473299 (adobe pdf) | ISBN 9781119473244 (epub)

      Subjects: LCSH: Oxidation‐reduction reaction. | Magmas.

      Classification: LCC QD63.O9 M34 2021 (print) | LCC QD63.O9 (ebook) | DDC 541/.393–dc23

      LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2021027133 LC ebook record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2021027134

      Cover Design: Wiley

      Cover Image: Lava fountaining and lava flows emitted from a fissure that opened in the wall of the Enclos Fouqué caldera at Piton de la Fournaise on December 27, 2005; © Aline Peltier (IPGP/OVPF)

      LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS

      Róbert Arató Bayerisches Geoinstitut University of Bayreuth Bayreuth, Germany

      Paul D. Asimow Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences California Institute of Technology Pasadena, CA, USA

      Andreas Audétat Bayerisches Geoinstitut University of Bayreuth Bayreuth, Germany

      Sonja Aulbach Institute of Geosciences Goethe‐Universität Frankfurt am Main, Germany

      Aaron S. Bell Department of Geological Sciences University of Colorado Boulder Boulder, CO, USA

      Andrew J. Berry Research School of Earth Sciences Australian National University Canberra, ACT, Australia

      Suzanne K. Birner Division of Natural Sciences, Nursing, and Mathematics Berea College Berea, KY, USA

      Marc Blanchard Géosciences Environnement Toulouse (GET) Université de Toulouse CNRS, IRD Toulouse, France

      Maryjo Brounce Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences University of California Riverside Riverside, CA, USA

      Antony D. Burnham Research School of Earth Sciences Australian National University Canberra, ACT, Australia

      Maria Rita Cicconi Université de Paris Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris Paris, France; and Department of Materials Science and Engineering Friedrich‐Alexander‐Universität Erlangen‐Nürnberg Erlangen, Germany

      Elizabeth Cottrell Department of Mineral Sciences National Museum of Natural History Smithsonian Institution Washington, DC, USA

      Nicolas Dauphas Origins Laboratory Department of the Geophysical Sciences and Enrico Fermi Institute The University of Chicago Chicago, IL, USA

      Fred A. Davis Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences University of Minnesota Duluth Duluth, MN, USA

      Baptiste Debret Université de Paris Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris Paris, France; and Laboratoire G‐Time DGES Université Libre de Bruxelles Brussels, Belgium

Katy A. Evans School of Earth and Planetary Sciences Curtin University Perth, Western Australia, Australia Stephen F. Foley Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, and ARC Centre of Excellence for Core to Crust Fluid Systems Macquarie University Sydney, New South Wales, Australia

      Raul O.C. Fonseca Institute of Geology, Mineralogy and Geophysics Ruhr‐University Bochum Bochum, Germany

      Grant S. Henderson Department of Earth Sciences University of Toronto Toronto, Canada

      Edward C. Inglis Université de Paris Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris Paris, France

      Katherine A. Kelley Graduate School of Oceanography University of Rhode Island Narragansett, RI, USA

      Charles Le Losq Research School of Earth Sciences Australian National University Canberra, ACT, Australia; and Université de Paris Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris Paris, France

      Guilherme Mallmann Research School of Earth Sciences Australian National University Canberra, ACT, Australia

      Nicole Métrich Université de Paris Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris Paris, France

      Roberto Moretti Université de Paris Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris Paris, France

      Frédéric Moynier Université de Paris Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris Paris, France

      Daniel R. Neuville Université de Paris Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris Paris, France

      Hugh St.C. O'Neill Research School of Earth Sciences Australian National University Canberra, ACT, Australia

      Paolo A. Sossi Institute of Geochemistry and Petrology ETH Zürich Zürich, Switzerland; and Université de Paris Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris Paris, France

      Vincenzo Stagno Department of Earth Sciences Sapienza University of Rome Rome, Italy

      Andy G. Tomkins School of Earth, Atmosphere and Environment Monash University Melbourne, Victoria, Australia

      Laura E. Waters Department of Earth and Environmental Science New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology Socorro, NM, USA

      PREFACE

      In chemistry, redox issues occupy a central role for our understanding of how chemical exchanges take place between substances. Redox reactions include all chemical reactions in which atoms have their oxidation state changed because of the transfer of electrons between chemical species. Such a transfer involves both a reduction process and a complementary oxidation process and the consequent rearranging of chemical bonds.

      The word oxidation originally implied reaction with oxygen to form an oxide, since dioxygen (O₂) was historically the first recognized oxidizing agent. Later, the term was expanded to encompass oxygen‐like substances that accomplished parallel chemical reactions. Ultimately, the meaning was generalized to include all processes involving loss of electrons. The word reduction originally referred to the loss in weight upon heating a metallic ore, such as a metal oxide to extract the metal. In other words, ore was “reduced” to metal. Antoine Lavoisier (1743–1794) showed that this loss of weight was due to the loss of oxygen as a gas. This etymological premise also summarizes the significance that for a long time the world of geology has been attributed to the concept of “redox.” In high‐temperature geology, where aqueous solutions can no more be defined, redox has an upmost importance to both the formation of minerals and the mobilization of metals. However, it is often intended as a measure of oxygen fugacity (fO₂), anchored to an assemblage of minerals or compounds which constrains its variations as a simple function of temperature.

      The redox state is one of the master variables driving Earth‐forming processes and since the dawn of geochemistry, knowledge of redox state has been essential to understanding the compositional makeup of our planet and the fundamental processes occurring from the core up to the atmosphere. Most of these processes involve the major transport agent of matter on Earth, i.e., magma. The social and economic impact of redox geochemistry