Thermal Energy Storage Systems and Applications. Ibrahim Dincer

and Special Symbols Subscripts Acronyms References Study Questions/Problems

      11  6 Thermal Management with Phase Change Materials 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Thermal Management 6.3 Thermal Management Methods 6.4 Case Studies 6.5 Concluding Remarks Nomenclature Greek Letters Subscripts Acronyms References Study Questions/Problems

      12  7 Renewable Energy Systems with Thermal Energy Storage 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Renewable Energy Sources and Systems 7.3 Renewable Energy with Energy Storage 7.4 Case Study 1: Solar Energy System with Thermal Energy Storage 7.5 Case Study 2: Solar Energy‐Based System with Compressed Air Energy Storage 7.6 Case Study 3: Combining Wind and Current Turbines with Pumped Hydro Storage 7.7 Concluding Remarks References Problems

      13  8 Case Studies 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Ice CTES Case Studies 8.3 Ice‐Slurry CTES Case Studies 8.4 Chilled Water CTES Case Studies 8.5 PCM‐Based CTES Case Studies 8.6 PCM‐Based Latent TES for Heating Case Studies 8.7 Sensible TES Case Studies 8.8 Other Case Studies 8.9 Concluding Remarks References Study Questions/Problems

      14  Index

      15  End User License Agreement

      List of Tables

      1 Chapter 1Table 1.1 Some of the most common thermocouples.Table 1.2 Equations for gas and gas mixtures and relevant models.Table 1.3 Comparison of Dalton and Amagat models.Table 1.4 Relations among essergy, availability, exergy, and free energy.Table 1.5 Comparison between energy and exergy.Table 1.6 Values of laminar boundary‐layer thicknesses for laminar flow over ...Table 1.7 Momentum equations for laminar boundary layer.Table 1.8 Momentum equations for a turbulent boundary layer for flat plate fl...Table 1.9 Some of the most important heat transfer dimensionless parameters.Table 1.10 Natural convection heat transfer equations and correlations.Table 1.11 Forced‐convection heat transfer equations and correlations.

      2 Chapter 2Table 2.1 Some materials for flywheels and their properties.Table 2.2 Some batteries and their capacities.Table 2.3 Comparison of conventional sealed lead–acid battery with the horizo...Table 2.4 Mid‐ and long‐term goals of the USABC in early 2000.Table 2.5 Technical comparison of ES technologies.Table 2.6 Capital costs and efficiencies for ES devices.Table 2.7 Main gaseous pollutants and their impacts on the environment.Table 2.8 Roles of some substances in the greenhouse effect.Table 2.9 UN Sustainable Development Goals for 2015–2030.

      3 Chapter 3Table 3.1 Storage durations for small‐ and large‐scale applications.Table 3.2 Comparison of potential TES implementation in France and the USA.Table 3.3 Thermal and technical data for selected TES techniques.Table 3.4 Sample TES cycle characteristics.Table 3.5 Available media for sensible and latent TESs.Table 3.6 Thermal capacities at 20 °C of some common TES materials.Table 3.7 Types and features of various stratified TES tanks [14].Table 3.8 Some possible heat sources and heat users for ATES.Table 3.9 Measured thermophysical data of some PCMs.Table 3.10 Main commercial PCM suppliers [13].Table 3.11 Commercially available PlusICE™ substances.Table 3.12 Details for chiller A (38 L/s).Table 3.13 Design and operational loads and TES system parameters.Table 3.14 Flow, temperature and pressure parameters.Table 3.15 Energy demand and usage.

      4 Chapter 4Table 4.1 A reference‐environment model.Table 4.2 Base enthalpy and chemical exergy values of selected species.Table 4.3 Two overall energy (η) and exergy (ψ) TES efficiencies.Table 4.4 Some exergy‐related thermodynamic considerations in TES system eval...Table 4.5 Comparison of the performance of a TES for two cases.Table 4.6 Summary of possible efficiency definitions for closed TES systems. ...Table 4.7 Efficiency values (in %) for the illustrative example.Table 4.8 Relation between several temperature parameters for above‐environme...Table 4.9 Values of the ratioψ/η for a range of practical values fo...Table 4.10 Specified general data for the example.Table