Adopting a unique integrated engineering approach, this text covers all aspects of fuel processing: catalysts, reactors, chemical plant components and integrated system design. While providing an introduction to the subject, it also contains recent research developments, making this an invaluable handbook for chemical, power and process engineers, electrochemists, catalytic chemists, materials scientists and engineers in power technology.
Since the beginning of the century, electrical goods have invaded our everyday lives. Now, electric power is coming to be seen as a solution to the pollution caused by cars. While this transition has remained very slow during the last ten years, it has been accelerating as the statutory constraints and needs of the market have changed. Even if the electric car itself fails to dominate the market, electric traction is taking an important place in our drive to move away from gas-powered vehicles. Another solution, hybrid vehicles, combine two sources of energy (electric and chemical), reducing the global consumption of fossil fuels. Fuel cell vehicles are also one of the most promising technologies for the future, with the capacity to use any fuel – hydrogen being the ideal fuel ecologically, but constrained by infrastructure and storage issues. This book explores all these different solutions for moving our vehicles from fossil fuel consumption to new, more environmentally-friendly power sources.
Photorefractive Materials presents an overview of the basic features and properties of photorefractive materials, covering a wide array of related topics. It provides a coherent approach suitable for introductory and advanced students seeking to learn or review the fundamentals, as well as senior researchers who need a reference while investigating more specialized areas.
Electromagnetic metamaterials-from fundamental physics to advanced engineering applications This book presents an original generalized transmission line approach associated with non-resonant structures that exhibit larger bandwidths, lower loss, and higher design flexibility. It is based on the novel concept of composite right/left-handed (CRLH) transmission line metamaterials (MMs), which has led to the development of novel guided-wave, radiated-wave, and refracted-wave devices and structures. The authors introduced this powerful new concept and are therefore able to offer readers deep insight into the fundamental physics needed to fully grasp the technology. Moreover, they provide a host of practical engineering applications. The book begins with an introductory chapter that places resonant type and transmission line metamaterials in historical perspective. The next six chapters give readers a solid foundation in the fundamentals and practical applications: * Fundamentals of LH MMs describes the fundamental physics and exotic properties of left-handed metamaterials * TL Theory of MMs establishes the foundations of CRLH structures in three progressive steps: ideal transmission line, LC network, and real distributed structure * Two-Dimensional MMs develops both a transmission matrix method and a transmission line method to address the problem of finite-size 2D metamaterials excited by arbitrary sources * Guided-Wave Applications and Radiated-Wave Applications present a number of groundbreaking applications developed by the authors * The Future of MMs sets forth an expert view on future challenges and prospects This engineering approach to metamaterials paves the way for a new generation of microwave and photonic devices and structures. It is recommended for electrical engineers, as well as physicists and optical engineers, with an interest in practical negative refractive index structures and materials.
The development of high speed, high frequency circuits and systems requires an understanding of the properties of materials functioning at the microwave level. This comprehensive reference sets out to address this requirement by providing guidance on the development of suitable measurement methodologies tailored for a variety of materials and application systems. Bringing together coverage of a broad range of techniques in one publication for the first time, this book: Provides a comprehensive introduction to microwave theory and microwave measurement techniques. Examines every aspect of microwave material properties, circuit design and applications. Presents materials property characterisation methods along with a discussion of the underlying theory. Outlines the importance of microwave absorbers in the reduction in noise levels in microwave circuits and their importance within defence industry applications. Relates each measurement technique to its application across the fields of microwave engineering, high-speed electronics, remote sensing and the physical sciences. This book will appeal to practising engineers and technicians working in the areas of RF, microwaves, communications, solid-state devices and radar. Senior students, researchers in microwave engineering and microelectronics and material scientists will also find this book a very useful reference.
This completely updated and revised second edition of Surface Analysis: The Principal Techniques, deals with the characterisation and understanding of the outer layers of substrates, how they react, look and function which are all of interest to surface scientists. Within this comprehensive text, experts in each analysis area introduce the theory and practice of the principal techniques that have shown themselves to be effective in both basic research and in applied surface analysis. Examples of analysis are provided to facilitate the understanding of this topic and to show readers how they can overcome problems within this area of study.
Viele moderne Gebäude und Konstruktionen wie Bahnhöfe, Hotelatrien, Brücken und Kuppeln benötigen ein Stahlskelett, das auf Jahrzehnte gegen korrosive Einwirkungen geschützt ist. Das Feuerverzinken ist eine ausgereifte und bewährte Beschichtungsmethode für Stahl, bei der Konstruktionsteile mit einer Schutzschicht aus Zink überzogen werden, die dem Korrosionsschutz und der Verbesserung der Materialeigenschaften dient. Das Buch deckt systematisch alle Schritte des Feuerverzinkungsprozesses ab und geht dabei nicht nur auf die Verfahrenstechnik ein, sondern auch auf die wichtigen Aspekte der feuerverzinkungsgerechten Konstruktion, Oberflächenvorbehandlung, Arbeitssicherheit, Umweltschutz, Duplex-Systeme, Fehlervermeidung und Wirtschaftlichkeitsbetrachtungen. Es ist reich und in Farbe bebildert und zeigt zahlreiche Anwendungsbeispiele. Das einzige, bewährte Fachbuch über Feuerverzinken für den deutschen Sprachraum liegt nun in der dritten, vollständig überarbeiteten Auflage vor. Es beinhaltet aktuelle Normen, Vorschriften und den neuesten Stand der Technik und ist damit unerläßliche Fachliteratur für den Ausbildungsberuf des Oberflächenbeschichters, welcher die Bereiche Galvanisierung und Feuerverzinken umfasst.
The acronym Laser is derived from Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation. With the advent of the ruby laser in 1960, there has been tremendous research activity in developing novel, more versatile and more efficient laser sources or devices, as lasers applications are ubiquitous. Today, lasers are used in many areas of human endeavor and are routinely employed in a host of diverse fields: various branches of engineering, microelectronics, biomedical, medicine, dentistry, surgery, surface modification, to name just a few. In this book (containing 10 chapters) we have focused on application of lasers in adhesion and related areas. The topics covered include: • Topographical modification of polymers and metals by laser ablation to create superhydrophobic surfaces. • Non-ablative laser surface modification. • Laser surface modification to enhance adhesion. • Laser surface engineering of materials to modulate their wetting behavior • Laser surface modification in dentistry. • Laser polymer welding. • Laser based adhesion testing technique to measure thin film-substrate interface toughness. • Laser surface removal of hard thin ceramic coatings. • Laser removal of particles from surfaces. • Laser induced thin film debonding for micro-device fabrication applications.
Updated to include new technological advancements in welding Uses illustrations and diagrams to explain metallurgical phenomena Features exercises and examples An Instructor's Manual presenting detailed solutions to all the problems in the book is available from the Wiley editorial department.
This unique collection of knowledge represents a comprehensive treatment of the fundamental and practical consequences of size reduction in silicon crystals. This clearly structured reference introduces readers to the optical, electrical and thermal properties of silicon nanocrystals that arise from their greatly reduced dimensions. It covers their synthesis and characterization from both chemical and physical viewpoints, including ion implantation, colloidal synthesis and vapor deposition methods. A major part of the text is devoted to applications in microelectronics as well as photonics and nanobiotechnology, making this of great interest to the high-tech industry.