Прочая образовательная литература
Различные книги в жанре Прочая образовательная литератураAziridines and Epoxides in Organic Synthesis
Aziridines and epoxides are among the most widely used intermediates in organic synthesis, acting as precursors to complex molecules due to the strains incorporated in their skeletons. Besides their importance as reactive intermediates, many biologically active compounds also contain these three-membered rings. Filling a gap in the literature, this clearly structured book presents the much needed information in a compact and concise way. The renowned editor has succeeded in gathering together excellent authors to cover synthesis, applications, and the biological aspects in equal depth. Divided roughly equally between aziridines and epoxides, the twelve chapters discuss: * Synthesis of aziridines * Nucleophilic ring-opening of aziridines and epoxides * Organic synthesis with aziridine building blocks * Vinyl aziridines in organic synthesis * Diastereoselective aziridination reagents * Synthetic aspects of aziridinomitocene chemistry * Biosynthesis of biologically important aziridines * Organic catalysis of epoxide and aziridine ring formation * Metal-mediated synthesis of epoxides * Asymmetric epoxide ring opening chemistry * Epoxides in complex molecule synthesis * Biological activity of epoxide-containing molecules A high-quality reference manual for academic and industrial chemists alike.
Silicon-mediated Transformations of Functional Groups
In the first work to comprehensively cover this all-important topic, the recognized expert Helmut Vorbruggen provides both organic and bioorganic chemists with much new and valuable information for preparative synthesis. Although every organic chemist may be familiar with different aspects of silylation for the protection of functional groups, this book covers the concept of protection while simultaneously silylating-activating various functional groups, such as amides and ureas. This novel methodology opens thus numerous synthetic pathways while effecting the elimination of water in it volatile persilylated form under rather mild reaction conditions, which are often advantageous compared to conventional methods. The compact form and clear structure of this monograph make this a long-awaited ready reference. From the contents: Introduction * Techniques of Preparative Silylations-Desilylations * Preparation and Properties of Siliconoxy-Leaving Groups * Reactions of Free and Derivatized Carboxylic Acids and Carbon Dioxide * Reactions of Aldehydes and Ketones * Reactions of Alcohols, Ethers and Epoxides * Reaction of N-O Systems * Reactions of S-O and Se-O Systems * Cyclizations and Ring Enlargements * Base and Acid-Catalyzed as well as Thermal Eliminations of Trimethylsilanol. Peterson Reactions * Formation of Carbon-Phosphorous Double- and Triple Bonds * Reductions and Oxidations * Dehydration-Activation as well as Silylation of Inorganic and Organic Salts and Metalorganic Compounds * Formation of Polymers
Principles and Practice of Soil Science
Principles and Practice of Soil Science, Fourth Editionprovides a current and comprehensive introduction to soil science for students in the fields of environmental and agricultural science, ecology, soil and land management, natural resource management and environmental engineering. Covers all aspects of soil science including soil habitat, processes in the soil environment and soil management. Emphasizes the applications of soil science to the solution of practical problems in soil and land management. Highlights real world examples drawn from the author’s international experience in the field. Includes an expanded colour section of soil profiles and other features, and greater coverage of international soil classification Features new problem sets and questions at the end of each chapter, designed to reinforce important principles. An answer key is provided at the end of the text. Artwork from the book is available to instructors online at www.blackwellpublishing.com/white
Introduction to Strategies for Organic Synthesis
Bridging the Gap Between Organic Chemistry Fundamentals and Advanced Synthesis Problems Introduction to Strategies of Organic Synthesis bridges the knowledge gap between sophomore-level organic chemistry and senior-level or graduate-level synthesis to help students more easily adjust to a synthetic chemistry mindset. Beginning with a thorough review of reagents, functional groups, and their reactions, this book prepares students to progress into advanced synthetic strategies. Major reactions are presented from a mechanistic perspective and then again from a synthetic chemist’s point of view to help students shift their thought patterns and teach them how to imagine the series of reactions needed to reach a desired target molecule. Success in organic synthesis requires not only familiarity with common reagents and functional group interconversions, but also a deep understanding of functional group behavior and reactivity. This book provides clear explanations of such reactivities and explicitly teaches students how to make logical disconnections of a target molecule. This new Second Edition of Introduction to Strategies for Organic Synthesis: Reviews fundamental organic chemistry concepts including functional group transformations, reagents, stereochemistry, and mechanisms Explores advanced topics including protective groups, synthetic equivalents, and transition-metal mediated coupling reactions Helps students envision forward reactions and backwards disconnections as a matter of routine Gives students confidence in performing retrosynthetic analyses of target molecules Includes fully-worked examples, literature-based problems, and over 450 chapter problems with detailed solutions Provides clear explanations in easy-to-follow, student-friendly language Focuses on the strategies of organic synthesis rather than a catalogue of reactions and modern reagents The prospect of organic synthesis can be daunting at the outset, but this book serves as a useful stepping stone to refresh existing knowledge of organic chemistry while introducing the general strategies of synthesis. Useful as both a textbook and a bench reference, this text provides value to graduate and advanced undergraduate students alike.
The Vocabulary and Concepts of Organic Chemistry
This book is a basic reference providing concise, accurate definitions of the key terms and concepts of organic chemistry. Not simply a listing of organic compounds, structures, and nomenclatures, the book is organized into topical chapters in which related terms and concepts appear in close proximity to one another, giving context to the information and helping to make fine distinctions more understandable. Areas covered include: bonding, symmetry, stereochemistry, types of organic compounds, reactions, mechansims, spectroscopy, and photochemistry.
Enantioselective Synthesis of Beta-Amino Acids
Covers all facets of the synthesis of ß-amino acids As evidenced by an exponential increase in the literature published on the subject, interest in ß-amino acids has grown over the past several years. With major pharmaceutical applications, these amino acids are now studied across multiple lines of research, including combinatorial chemistry, medicinal chemistry, molecular design, proteomics, and others. This Second Edition of Enantioselective Synthesis of ß-Amino Acids updates reviews included in the First Edition while also covering new developments since its publication. The book presents detailed discussions of the most important methods for the synthesis of ß-amino acids. In most cases, the lead chemist who originally developed a method provides an authoritative description of it. In addition, Enantioselective Synthesis of ß-Amino Acids, Second Edition: * Features introductory overviews on the structural types of relevant ß-amino acid targets and salient ß-amino acids present in natural products * Dedicates several chapters to advances in the synthesis of oligomers from ß-amino acids * Includes general and practical procedures for the preparation of ß-amino acids in each chapter * Discusses the most important methods that have been recently developed for the asymmetric synthesis of cyclic and open-chain ß-amino acids * Includes a report on the preparation of libraries of enantiopure ß-amino acids using combinatorial approaches The only book of its kind available today, Enantioselective Synthesis of ß-Amino Acids, Second Edition offers upper-level students and professionals an essential resource for pharmaceutical development, medicinal chemistry, and biochemistry.
Principles and Applications of Asymmetric Synthesis
Asymmetric synthesis remains a challenge to practicing scientists as the need for enantiomerically pure or enriched compounds continues to increase. Over the last decade, a large amount of literature has been published in this field. Principles and Applications of Asymmetric Synthesis consolidates and evaluates the most useful methodologies into a one-volume resource for the convenience of practicing scientists and students. Authored by internationally renowned scientists in the field, this reliable reference covers more than 450 reactions and includes important stoichiometric as well as catalytic asymmetric reactions. The first chapter reviews the basic principles, common nomenclature, and analytical methods, and the remainder of the book is organized according to reaction type. The text examines such topics as: Carbon-carbon bond formations involving carbonyls, enamines, imines, and enolates Asymmetric C-O bond formations including epoxidation, dihydroxylation, and aminohydroxylation Asymmetric synthesis using the Diels-Alder reaction and other cyclizations Applications to the total synthesis of natural products Use of enzymes in asymmetric synthesis Practicing chemists in the pharmaceutical, fine chemical, and agricultural professions as well as graduate students will find that Principles and Applications of Asymmetric Synthesis affords comprehensive and current coverage.
Solid-Phase Synthesis and Combinatorial Technologies
A unique, integrated look at solid-phase synthesis and advances in combinatorial chemistry and technologies The last decade has seen a rapid expansion in combinatorial technologies, a field where chemistry disciplines intersect with automation, statistics, and information science, as well as certain biological disciplines. Reflecting these multidisciplinary trends, this new work provides a comprehensive overview of the most important aspects of solid-phase synthesis (SPS), combinatorial chemistry, and related combinatorial technologies. It clearly demonstrates how SPS and combinatorial chemistry have extended their application from the pharmaceutical arena to new areas, including biotechnology, material sciences, catalysis, and agrochemical industries, and explores in detail strategies for planning, designing, preparing, and testing of combinatorial libraries in various disciplines. Designed to meet the needs of both experienced combinatorial chemists and newcomers to the field, Solid-Phase Synthesis and Combinatorial Technologies: Surveys the most recent developments in SPS and combinatorial chemistry Explains the entire process, from determining the need for a library to the details necessary for synthesis of the library Discusses choice of format, size, and the rationale behind the design of each synthetic step Surveys the analytical techniques and the purification methods used to characterize and purify combinatorial libraries Employs a large number of examples to illustrate important concepts Includes problems geared toward applying acquired knowledge and designing the steps to SPS/library synthesis Describes the quality control and activity screening of combinatorial libraries for various applications Features a detailed bibliography of more than 1,700 relevant sources
Volatile Organic Compounds in the Atmosphere
Every day, large quantities of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are emitted into the atmosphere from both anthropogenic and natural sources. The formation of gaseous and particulate secondary products caused by oxidation of VOCs is one of the largest unknowns in the quantitative prediction of the earth’s climate on a regional and global scale, and on the understanding of local air quality. To be able to model and control their impact, it is essential to understand the sources of VOCs, their distribution in the atmosphere and the chemical transformations which remove these compounds from the atmosphere. In recent years techniques for the analysis of organic compounds in the atmosphere have been developed to increase the spectrum of detectable compounds and their detection limits. New methods have been introduced to increase the time resolution of those measurements and to resolve more complex mixtures of organic compounds. Volatile Organic Compounds in the Atmosphere describes the current state of knowledge of the chemistry of VOCs as well as the methods and techniques to analyse gaseous and particulate organic compounds in the atmosphere. The aim is to provide an authoritative review to address the needs of both graduate students and active researchers in the field of atmospheric chemistry research.
Supramolecular Control of Structure and Reactivity
This volume concentrates on catalysis in biochemical environments, giving new perspectives to previous research, current developments and future directions. Topics range from micelles performing catalytic reactions, active sites on heme proteins and synthetic control of oligonucleotide structures to design of proteins, self-assembling structures and self-replicating molecules. A comprehensive survey of the literature on supramolecular chemistry for 1993-94 is also included.