Афоризмы и цитаты
Различные книги в жанре Афоризмы и цитатыPhaedrus, Apology, Crito, and Symposium
"Phaedrus, Apology, Crito, and Symposium": four works of the great ancient Greek philosopher Plato are brought together here in this volume. The Phaedrus is closely connected with the Symposium, and may be regarded either as introducing or following it. The two Dialogues together contain the whole philosophy of Plato on the nature of love. In the Apology we hear the response that Socrates gives in defense at his trial. And in Crito we have a dialogue between Crito and Socrates in Socrates' prison cell prior to his execution where Crito tells Socrates that he has made arrangements to smuggle Socrates into exile and tries to convince Socrates to escape. Together these works give the student of ancient philosophy an insight into the philosophies of Socrates and his pupil Plato. Presented in this volume are the classic introductions and translations of Benjamin Jowett.
The Art of Literature and The Art of Controversy
"The Art of Literature and The Art of Controversy" is a collection of essays by famed German philosopher Arthur Schopenhauer. In this work you will find two collections of essays which include the following: On Authorship, On Style, On the Study of Latin, On Men of Learning, On Thinking for Oneself, On Some Forms of Literature, On Criticism, On Reputation, On Genius, The Art of Controversy: (1. Preliminary: Logic and Dialectic, 2. The Basis of all Dialectic, 3. Stratagems), On the Comparative Place of Interest and Beauty in Works of Art, Psychological Observations, On the Wisdom of Life: Aphorisms, Genius and Virtue.
The Fragments of Heraclitus
Heraclitus of Ephesus was a pre-Socratic Greek philosopher who lived a lonely life earning him the moniker of the «Weeping Philosopher.» His principal philosophy is embodied in the following statement «No man ever steps in the same river twice,» in other words man faces an ever-present change in the universe. He believed in the unity of opposites, stating that «the path up and down are one and the same.» According to Diogenes, Heraclitus worked on «a continuous treatise On Nature,» which «was divided into three discourses, one on the universe, another on politics, and a third on theology.» Only fragments of this work remain today many of which are quoted from other authors. Those fragments are presented here in a translation and with critical commentary by G. T. W. Patrick.
The Reveries of the Solitary Walker
Born on June 28, 1712, in Geneva, the French philosopher, novelist and essayist Jean-Jacques Rousseau was one of the most prominent and definitive minds of the Enlightenment. Self-taught, Rousseau dabbled in many fields, keeping journals of his interests in science, mathematics, music, astronomy, botany, music, literature, and philosophy. He achieved sudden success and subsequent fame with his «A Discourse on the Arts and Sciences», a work that cemented his pivotal place in the history of The Enlightenment and philosophy as a whole. «The Reveries of the Solitary Walker» is an unfinished work, one of the last composed in Rousseau's lifetime. The book is composed of ten chapters, called «walks.» Walks eight and nine were never revised, and the tenth walk is incomplete. Regardless, this work, like others written near the end of his life, is greatly autobiographical, consisting of descriptions of walks he took around Paris, as well as further comment on arguments he previously made, concerning education and political philosophy, among other subjects.
The Critique of Pure Reason
A pivotal piece of philosophical literature, «The Critique of Pure Reason» is quite likely Immanuel Kant's greatest work. Kant was a professor of philosophy in the German city of Konisberg during the late 1700s. It was during that time that he penned several works based on his philosophical beliefs of which the greatest is often considered to be this work. Considered by many as one of the most important works of philosophy ever written, «The Critique of Pure Reason» puts forth Kant belief that true knowledge comes from a combination of pure reason and experience. Presented here in this volume is the classic translation of J. M. D. Meiklejohn.
Enchiridion and Selections from the Discourses of Epictetus
Epictetus was an ancient Greek philosopher who lived between 55 and 135 AD and taught the philosophy of stoicism. Stoicism is the school of philosophy that teaches one to detach oneself from ones emotions so that truth may be derived from ones reason. To the stoic this detachment allows the natural law of the universe to reveal itself and harmony with the world can be achieved. This philosophy is exemplified in the «Enchiridion», which serves as a manual for the everyday practice of this philosophy. A more detailed examination of the philosophy of stoicism can be found within the discourses of Epictetus, of which a representative selection is presented here in this volume translated by George Long.
The World as Will and Representation (The World as Will and Idea), Volume II of III
German philosopher Arthur Schopenhauer wrote a strong text to explain his belief system in «The World as Will and Representation.» Rather than viewing the world as a construct within itself, Schopenhauer argued that the world exists beyond the five senses. He believed that rather than seeing an object in its true form, we only see and understand our perception of it. His ideas are classified as post-Kantian philosophy, just one strand of thought amidst other thinkers such as Hegel and Heidegger. However, Schopenhauer is generally thought to follow Kant's original ideas most closely. Still, the philosopher disagrees with Kant's view of ethics, saying that inner experiences, driven by the Will, are the most significant part of the human experience. Born in the late 1700's, Schopenhauer was immersed in philosophy at a young age. By age 25, he published his doctoral dissertation «On the Fourfold Root of the Principle of Sufficient Reasoning.» In his most famous works, he primarily focused on the attainment of happiness. He believed that physical and emotional desires can never be satisfied, resulting in a painful human condition. Schopenhauer claimed that all actions are internally motivated by a desire to obtain pleasure, but that lasting happiness would remain unobtainable. «The World as Will and Representation» is widely hailed as Schopenhauer's greatest work, as well as one of the most contemporarily-written philosophical texts of the nineteenth century. This edition splits the work into three volumes of which this is the second.
Time and Free Will: An Essay on the Immediate Data of Consciousness
"Time and Free Will: An Essay on the Immediate Data of Consciousness" is Henri Bergson's doctoral thesis which was first published in 1889. In the work Bergson introduces us to his theory of duration, a response to Kant's ideas regarding free will as something only possible outside of time and space. Bergson argues that the traditional concept of free will is merely confusion among philosophers caused by an illegitimate translation of the unextended into the extended. Bergson was one of the most influential philosophers of his day who rose to prominence by rejecting the conventional wisdom of the philosophers who came before him.
The Wisdom of Life and Counsels and Maxims
"The Wisdom of Life and Counsels and Maxims" is a collection of essays by famed German philosopher Arthur Schopenhauer. In this work you will find two collections of essays which include the following: The Wisdom of Life: (Introduction, I. Division of the Subject, II. Personality, or What a Man Is, III. Property, or What a Man Has, IV. Position, or a Man's Place in the Estimation of Others—, Sect. 1. Reputation, Sect. 2. Pride, Sect. 3. Rank, Sect. 4. Honor, Sect. 5. Fame), Counsels and Maxims: (Introduction, I. General Rules, II. Our Relation to Ourselves, III. Our Relation to Others, IV. Worldly Fortune, V. The Ages of Life.)
Fundamental Principles of the Metaphysics of Morals
"Fundamental Principles of the Metaphysics of Morals" is Immanuel Kant's classic exposition of moral philosophy. In this work Kant sets forth a system for determining what is and what isn't moral. Kant's ideas on morality are intriguing and exemplary of his deft at philosophical writing and thinking. «Fundamental Principles of the Metaphysics of Morals» is a must read for any student of philosophy.