Ethics in Psychotherapy and Counseling. Kenneth S. Pope

436

      457  437

      458  438

      459 439

      460  440

      461  441

      462 442

      463 443

      464  444

      465  445

      466  446

      467  447

      468  448

      469 449

      470 450

      471  451

      472  452

      473  453

      474  454

      475 455

      476 456

      477 457

      478 458

      479 459

      480 460

      481 461

      482 462

      483  463

      484 464

      485 465

      486 466

      487 467

      488 468

      489 469

      490 470

      491 471

      492 472

THE AUTHORS

      KENNETH S. POPE is in independent practice as a licensed psychologist. He has chaired the ethics committee of the American Psychological Association (APA) and the American Board of Professional Psychology (ABPP). He received the 2015 Canadian Psychological Association John C. Service Member of the Year Award.

      MELBA J.T. VASQUEZ is a licensed psychologist in independent practice in Austin, Texas. She has served on various ethics committees and task forces and served as the 2011 President of the American Psychological Association.

      NAYELI Y. CHAVEZ-DUEÑAS is a licensed psychologist and professor in Chicago, Illinois. She co-founded and co-directs the Immigration, Critical Race, And Cultural Equity (IC-RACE) Lab. She earned the 2018 Distinguished Citizen Psychologist Award from the American Psychological Association.

HECTOR Y. ADAMES is a licensed psychologist and professor in Chicago, Illinois. He co-founded and co-directs the Immigration, Critical Race, And Cultural Equity (IC-RACE) Lab. He has chaired the Committee on Ethnic Minority Affairs of the American Psychological Association.

PREFACE

      Welcome to the sixth edition! So much has changed since the 5th edition. The novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic transformed—at least temporarily—psychotherapy and counseling from encounters primarily conducted in-person to virtual meetings convened over Zoom, FaceTime, and other video conferencing and digital tools. Creative innovation, surprising research findings, landmark legal decisions, demographic shifts, and new perspectives continue to bring change to psychotherapy and counseling, and to ethical standards, theory, and practice. To address these trends and changes, we’ve updated all the chapters in this new edition and have created some new chapters.

      The authorship of this book has also changed. Ken Pope and Melba Vasquez co-authored the first five editions of this book, and they’re still here. For this sixth edition, they reached out to two distinguished colleagues, Professors Nayeli Y. Chavez-Dueñas and Hector Y. Adames, both of whom are also licensed practitioners. Both Nayeli and Hector agreed to sign on as co-authors with Ken and Melba. The sixth edition benefits from four very diverse perspectives and co-authors who worked collaboratively to create an edition that motivate us all to strengthen and inform our ethical awareness and sense of personal and collective ethical responsibility.

      The poor, unloved preface achieved sad notoriety as the least read part of most books. We’ll keep this one short—limiting it to only a note on terminology. We hope the conciseness inspires you to read on, set yourself apart from the crowd, and gain elite status as a reader of the preface.

      A NOTE ON TERMINOLOGY

This book discusses the varied and complex ethical issues that confront psychologists working as psychotherapists, other kinds of therapists (e.g., behavior therapists), and counselors. For brevity and convenience, we often use just one of these terms—rather than some hyphenated form of all three—in a sentence. Similarly, some therapists identify those to whom they provide services as clients; others use the term patients. Again, for brevity and convenience, we have used these terms interchangeably throughout the book.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

      We are deeply indebted to all those who contributed directly or indirectly to this book. We are grateful to all but have space to mention only a few. Emil Rodolfa, Ray Arsenault, Linda Campbell, Ursula Delworth, Barry Farber, Lisa Grossman, Kate Hays, Loralie Lawson, Karen Olio, and Janet Sonne are among those who read drafts of the current or previous editions and offered valuable suggestions for improvements.

      We asked a number of prominent therapists with expertise in recognizing and responding to suicidal risk to discuss pitfalls of work in this area. Chapter 22 presents the advice that each of these experts gives to readers. We thank those who contributed discussions: David Barlow, Danny Brom, Chris Brownson, Marla Craig, Jessica Henderson Daniel, Norman Farberow, the late Erika Fromm, Rosa Garci-Peltoniemi, Jesse Geller, Judith Lewis Herman, Don Hiroto, Maryam Jernigan-Noesi, Nadine Kaslow, the late Helen Block Lewis, Marsha Linehan, Ricardo Munoz, David Rudd, Gary Schoener, Shweta Sharma, and Danny Wedding.

      We also express our gratitude to graduate students Xochitl Cruz, Radia Mchabcheb, and Monica Zohar who helped with a laborious part of this text, its references.

We received exceptionally skillful and generous help from Rebecca McGovern and Xenia Lisanevich of Jossey-Bass Publishers in preparing the first edition; from Alan Rinzler, Katie Levine, Margaret Sebold, Joanne Clapp Fullagar, and Paula Goldstein of Jossey-Bass Publishers and Rachel Anderson of Satellite Publishing Services in preparing the second edition; from Alan Rinzler, Carol Hartland, Seth Schwartz, and Jennifer Wenzel of Jossey-Bass Publishers, along with Beverly Harrison Miller, in preparing the third edition; and from Patricia Rossi, Fiona Brown, and Kate Lindsay in preparing the fourth edition; and Marquita Flemming, Melinda Noack, and, Brian Grimm, in preparing the fifth edition; and Darren Lalonde, Monica Rogers, Arthi Kangeyan, Jo Egre, Christina Weyrauch, Patty Maher, and Ranchedha Djeassilane in preparing this sixth edition.

Part I FOUNDATIONS

Chapter 1 HELPING WITHOUT HURTING

      Psychotherapy holds out the promise of help for people who are hurting and in need. It can save lives and change lives. In therapy, clients can find their strengths and sense of hope. They can change course toward a more meaningful and healthy life. They can confront loss, tragedy, hopelessness, and the end of life in ways that do not leave them numb or paralyzed. They can discover what brings them joy and what sustains them through hard times. They can begin to trust,